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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pancreas. 2013 Jul;42(5):781–785. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e31827aec40

Figure 2. Metformin decreases the final volume and the phosphorylation of S6 and ERK in the excised tumors.

Figure 2

A. Metformin decreases tumor volume at the end of the experiment in a dose-dependent manner. On day 44 the tumors generated in Fig. 1 were removed, measured, and tumor volumes estimated as V = 0.52 (length × width × depth). The results are shown are means ± SE. [Points, mean; bars, SE (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01 versus control, Student's t test]. B. Metformin decreases the phosphorylation of S6K and ERK in extracts of the excised tumors. Tumors samples of were prepared for SDS-PAGE as described in “Materials and Methods”. The samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with the following phospho antibodies: S6 Ser235/236 (pS6), ERK1/2 Thr202 and Tyr204 (pERK). Immunoblotting with total tubulin was used to verify equal loading. Shown here are representative immunoblots (two controls and two metformin-treated mice). Similar results were obtained in 4 additional tumors Quantification was performed using Multi Gauge V3.0. Results are expressed as the ratio of the intensities of the phosphosphorylated S6 or ERK immune-reactive bands to the intensity of the tubulin band. P values were determined using the t-test (Sigma Plot 12) n=6, **, P = 0.01, * P = 0.03.