Table 2.
Data for prehospital and emergency department treatment in children on fluid administration
| Patient characteristic | Low-volume group | High-volume group | Group mean (all patients) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases | 31 | 31 | 62 | |
| Fluid volume replaced prehospital (ml) | 863 (433) | 2,137 (873) | 1,500 (938) | <0.001 |
| Fluid volume replaced until end in trauma room (ml) | 2,632 (2099) | 3,334 (2649) | 2,977 (2390) | 0.18 |
| Transport - emergency rescue helicopter (%) | 67.7 | 61.3 | 64.5 | 0.80 |
| Total prehospital time (minutes) | 62.0 (17.7) | 71.5 (32.7) | 66.8 (26.5) | 0.21 |
| Blood pressure at accident site (mmHg) | 108 (16) | 112 (21) | 110 (19) | 0.44 |
| Blood pressure at admission to hospital (mmHg) | 108 (16) | 108 (22) | 108 (19) | 0.91 |
| Respiratory rate at the accident site | 14.4 (7.3) | 14.9 (6) | 14.7 (6.5) | 0.71 |
| Heart rate at accident site (seconds) | 102 (26) | 104 (22) | 103 (24) | 0.69 |
| Heart rate at admission to hospital (seconds) | 106 (22) | 98 (32) | 102 (27) | 0.45 |
| Temperature upon arrival in the trauma room (°C) | 35.5 (1.1) | 36.0 (1.1) | 35.7 (1.1) | 0.88 |
| Hemoglobin at admission to hospital (mg/dl) | 8.0 (4.4) | 7.2 (4.7) | 7.7 (4.5) | 0.10 |
| Prothrombin ratio in hospital (%) | 58.7 (19.4) | 55.6 (21.9) | 57.3 (21.9) | 0.23 |
| Prothrombin time in hospital (seconds) | 42.2 (16.3) | 50.1(34.4) | 45.9 (26.3) | 0.38 |
| Base excess in hospital | -3.2 (4.2) | -5.5 (6.7) | -4.2 (5.5) | 0.40 |
| Units of pRBC in hospital | 5.6 (5.7) | 6.9 (7.1) | 6.3 (6.5) | 0.43 |
| Massive transfusions ≥10 units pRBC until ICU admission (%) | 9.7 | 25.8 | 17.7 | 0.18 |
| Units of fresh-frozen plasma in hospital | 3.0 (4.5) | 2.4 (4.5) | 2.8 (4.5) | 0.36 |
| Transfusion of thrombocytes in the trauma room (%) | 12.9 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 1.00 |
| Prehospital use of catecholamines (%) | 9.7 | 13.3 | 11.5 | 1,00 |
| Prehospital intubation (%) | 96.8 | 96.8 | 96.8 | 1.00 |
| Prehospital chest tube (%) | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 1.00 |
| Prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (%) | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 1.00 |
| Prehospital sedation (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 1.00 |
Data from children on fluid administration at the accident site, in the emergency department and during initial surgical treatment. Data shown as the mean (standard deviation) or percentage of the group. pRBC, packed red blood cells.