Table 1.
Etiology of Heart Failure in Sub-Saharan Africa by Decade
| Pre-1960 | 1960-1969 | 1970-1979 | 1980-1989 | 1990-1999 | 2000-present | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of studies | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 11 |
| References | [47, 48] | [7, 49-51] | [52-54] | [55] | [56-59] | [4, 6, 13, 18, 60-66] |
| Total number of patients | 464 | 2546 | 872 | 315 | 1669 | 4298 |
| Etiology | ||||||
| Valvular disease | 24.8% | 22.4% | 12.7% | 13.7% | 21.0% | 16.9% |
| Hypertension | 18.1% | 24.7% | 38.3% | 11.7% | 15.0% | 38.0% |
| Cardiomyopathy | 28.4% | 10.6% | 25.5% | 47.0% | 26.4% | 26.0% |
| Cor pulmonale | 8.0% | 8.6% | 5.7% | 6.3% | 3.9% | 1.5% |
| Pericardial disease | 5.2% | 3.2% | 5.2% | 0.0% | 16.8% | 2.8% |
| Ischemic heart disease | 0.2% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 5.3% |
| Endomyocardial fibrosis | 0.0% | 3.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.0% |
| Syphilitic heart disease | 4.7% | 10.8% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Congenital | 4.3% | 2.2% | 0.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 1.8% |
| Other/Unknown | 6.3% | 13.0% | 10.3% | 21.3% | 15.7% | 8.3% |