Table 3.
Risk factors for HIV and sexually transmitted infections among young methamphetamine users in northern Thailand
| Women (n=172) |
Men (n=343) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of risk factor N (%) | Incidence of HIV/STIs N (%) | Crude relative risk (95% CI) | Prevalence of risk factor N (%) | Incidence of HIV/STIs N (%) | Crude relative risk (95% CI) | |
| Age: < 20 | 124 (72.1) | 18 (14.5) | 1 | 222 (64.7) | 32 (14.4) | 1 |
| ≥ 20 | 48 (27.9) | 5 (10.4) | 0.72 (0.28,1.82) | 121 (35.3) | 11 (9.1) | 0.63 (0.33,1.21) |
| Education: | ||||||
| Some high school or less | 127 (73.8) | 19 (15.0) | 1 | 282 (82.2) | 38 (13.5) | 1 |
| Completed high school | 45 (26.2) | 4 (8.9) | 0.59 (0.21,1.65) | 61 (17.8) | 5 (8.2) | 0.61 (0.25,1.48) |
| Occupation: | ||||||
| Student | 81 (47.1) | 11 (13.6) | 0.85 (0.36,2.05) | 114 (33.2) | 13 (11.4) | 0.85 (0.44,1.64) |
| Employed | 44 (25.6) | 7 (15.9) | 1 | 141 (41.1) | 19 (13.5) | 1 |
| Unemployed | 47 (27.3) | 5 (10.6) | 0.69 (0.23,1.95) | 88 (25.7) | 11 (12.5) | 0.93 (0.46,1.86) |
| STI testing: All negative | 124 (72.1) | 12 (9.7) | 1 | 278 (81.0) | 30 (10.8) | 1 |
| ≥ 1 positive | 48 (27.9) | 11 (22.9) | 2.37 (1.12,5.00) | 65 (19.0) | 13 (20.0) | 1.85 (1.03,3.35) |
| HIV testing: No | 55 (32.0) | 5 (9.1) | 1 | 110 (32.1) | 10 (9.1) | 1 |
| Yes | 117 (68.0) | 18 (15.4) | 1.69 (0.66,4.32) | 233 (67.9) | 33 (14.2) | 1.56 (0.80,3.05) |
| Characteristics at 3 months* | ||||||
| Incarceration: No | 170 (98.8) | 21 (12.4) | 1 | 331 (96.5) | 39 (11.8) | 1 |
| Yes | 2 (1.2) | 2 (100.0) | 8.10 (5.42,12.08) | 12 (3.5) | 4 (33.3) | 2.83 (1.21,6.64) |
| Selling or delivering drugs: No | 139 (80.8) | 19 (13.7) | 1 | 248 (72.3) | 27 (10.9) | 1 |
| Yes | 33 (19.2) | 4 (12.1) | 0.89 (0.32,2.43) | 95 (27.7) | 16 (16.8) | 1.55 (0.87,2.74) |
| Frequency of MA use: | ||||||
| None | 65 (37.8) | 7 (10.8) | 1 | 79 (23.0) | 9 (11.4) | 1 |
| 0-1 day per week | 67 (39.0) | 9 (13.4) | 1.25 (0.49,3.15) | 162 (47.2) | 16 (9.9) | 0.87 (0.40,1.87) |
| 2-7 days per week | 40 (23.3) | 7 (17.5) | 1.63 (0.62,4.29) | 102 (29.7) | 18 (17.7) | 1.55 (0.74,3.26) |
| Frequency of alcohol use: | ||||||
| 0-3 days per month | 66 (38.4) | 8 (12.1) | 1 | 48 (14.0) | 4 (8.3) | 1 |
| 1-3 days per week | 68 (39.5) | 12 (17.7) | 1.46 (0.64,3.33) | 143 (41.7) | 14 (9.8) | 1.17 (0.41,3.40) |
| 4-7 days per week | 38 (22.1) | 3 (7.9) | 0.65 (0.18,2.31) | 152 (44.3) | 25 (16.5) | 1.97 (0.72,5.39) |
| Frequency of drunkenness in past 30 d: | ||||||
| 0-4 days | 136 (79.1) | 17 (12.5) | 1 | 187 (54.5) | 17 (9.1) | 1 |
| 5+ days | 36 (20.9) | 6 (16.7) | 1.33 (0.57,3.14) | 156 (45.5) | 26 (16.7) | 1.83 (1.03,3.25) |
| CAGE score: 0-1 | 64 (43.0) | 9 (14.1) | 1 | 132 (39.8) | 11 (8.3) | 1 |
| ≥ 2 | 85 (57.0) | 10 (11.8) | 0.84 (0.36,1.94) | 200 (60.2) | 31 (15.5) | 1.86 (0.97,3.57) |
| Depressive symptoms: 0-21 | 96 (55.8) | 12 (12.5) | 1 | 241 (70.3) | 33 (13.7) | 1 |
| ≥ 22 | 76 (44.2) | 11 (14.5) | 1.16 (0.54,2.48) | 102 (29.7) | 10 (9.8) | 0.72 (0.37,1.40) |
| No. of sex partners of the opposite sex: | ||||||
| 0 | 50 (29.1) | 2 (4.0) | 1 | 55 (16.0) | 6 (10.9) | 1 |
| 1 | 103 (59.9) | 15 (14.6) | 3.64 (0.87,15.31) | 175 (51.0) | 16 (9.1) | 0.84 (0.34,2.04) |
| ≥ 2 | 19 (11.1) | 6 (31.6) | 7.89 (1.74,35.76) | 113 (32.9) | 21 (18.6) | 1.70 (0.73,3.98) |
| Sex with casual partner: No | 155 (90.1) | 18 (11.6) | 1 | 242 (70.6) | 24 (9.9) | 1 |
| Yes | 17 (9.9) | 5 (29.4) | 2.53 (1.08,5.96) | 101 (29.4) | 19 (18.8) | 1.90 (1.09,3.31) |
| Sex with sex worker: No | 172 (100.0) | 23 (13.4) | 1 | 341 (99.4) | 43 (12.6) | 1 |
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | --- | --- | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | --- |
| Sex while high on drugs: No | 118 (68.6) | 16 (13.6) | 1 | 243 (70.9) | 27 (11.1) | 1 |
| Yes | 54 (31.4) | 7 (13.0) | 0.96 (0.42,2.19) | 100 (29.1) | 16 (16.0) | 1.44 (0.81,2.55) |
| Sex while drunk: No | 83 (48.3) | 9 (10.8) | 1 | 150 (43.7) | 13 (8.7) | 1 |
| Yes | 89 (51.7) | 14 (15.7) | 1.45 (0.66,3.17) | 193 (56.3) | 30 (15.5) | 1.79 (0.97,3.32) |
| Condom use in past 30 d: < 100 % | 119 (82.1) | 14 (11.8) | 1 | 191 (74.6) | 25 (13.1) | 1 |
| 100 % | 26 (17.9) | 8 (30.8) | 2.62 (1.22,5.58) | 65 (25.4) | 8 (12.3) | 0.94 (0.45,1.98) |
Bold indicates p<0.05
*
Characteristics are reported from the past 3 months, unless otherwise indicated