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. 2013 Apr 29;288(24):17460–17471. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.468405

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2.

HAMLET and oleate-HAMLET trigger tumor cell death, morphological change, and ion fluxes. A, cytotoxic responses in A549 lung carcinoma cells were treated with HAMLET or oleate-HAMLET (35 μm) and quantified by trypan blue exclusion and ATP levels. Sodium oleate- or oleic acid (175 μm) were not active at the molar concentration present in HAMLET/oleate-HAMLET. B, morphological response to HAMLET, oleate-HAMLET (1 h, 35 μm), sodium-oleate or oleic acid (1 h, 175 μm) was recorded by holographic imaging. Rounding up of cells was observed after HAMLET and oleate-HAMLET treatment, and oleate caused a partial effect. C, the relative free, intracellular concentrations of Na+, K+, or Ca2+ ([Na+]i, [K+]i, and [Ca2+]i) were estimated in A549 cells (K+ and Ca2+) or Jurkat cells (Na+) by fluorescence spectrometry using CoroNa Green, FluxOR, or Fluo-4. Compared with HAMLET (35 μm), oleate (175 μm) caused a moderate efflux of potassium and no influx of calcium or sodium in A549 or Jurkat cells, respectively.