TABLE 3—
Correlation Coefficients Between Mortality Subdistribution Hazard Ratios for Cancer and Noncancer Mortality by Birth Cohort and Timing of Exposure to 1918 Influenza Pandemic: National Health Interview Survey
| Cause of Death by Birth Cohorts,a Timing of Exposure to the 1918 Influenza Pandemic | Correlation with Cancer, HRb (95% CI) |
| 1913q1–1917q2, after 1st birthday | |
| All noncancer | −0.16 (−0.72, 0.52) |
| CVD HR | −0.07 (−0.67, 0.59) |
| Other HR | −0.20 (−0.74, 0.49) |
| 1917q3–1919q4, in utero or during 1st y of life | |
| All noncancer | −0.87** (−0.97, -0.53) |
| CVD HR | −0.73* (−0.93, -0.19) |
| Other HR | −0.70* (−0.92, -0.13) |
| 1920q1–1924q4, not directly exposed | |
| All noncancer HR | 0.25 (−0.45, 0.76) |
| CVD HR | 0.07 (−0.56, 0.67) |
| Other HR | 0.30 (−0.41, 0.78) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HR = hazard ratio. The sample size was n = 81 571.
The correlations for 1917q3–1919q4 cohorts were based on mortality subdistribution hazard ratios estimated with the Fine-Gray competing risks model; all models controlled for age and age squared at baseline, gender, and linear trend in birth year. The correlations for 1913q1–1917q2 cohorts were based on analogous model with the change that birth year and quarter dummies were assigned to the 1913q1–1917q2 cohorts and 1917q3–1919q4 was controlled with a single dummy. The cohorts 1920q1–1924q4 were the reference group as in the baseline model. The correlations for 1920q1–1924q4 cohorts were based on an analogous model in which birth year and quarter dummies were assigned to the 1920q1–1924q4 cohorts, 1917q3–1919q4 was controlled with a single dummy, and cohorts 1913q1–1917q2 were the reference group.
Excludes lung cancer.
*P < .05; **P < .01.