Table 1.
Animal studies investigating the effect of post-retrieval extinction on fear-related memories.
| TYPE OF MEMORY |
EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM |
REFS | ANIMAL | TRAINING | RETRIEVAL-home cage-EXTINCTION | RESULTS Test on conditioned response |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RET | home | EXT | Spontaneous Recovery |
Renewal | Reinstatement | Reconditioning | |||||
| Recent fear memory | Auditory fear Conditioning | Monfils et al. 2009 | Sprague Dawley Rat | 3 (CS –US) associations CS: tone (20s, 5000Hz, 80dB) US: foot shock (500ms, 0.7mA |
1CS | 10min | 18CS | Decrease | – | – | – |
| 1CS | 1h | 18CS | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease | |||||
| 1CS | 6h | 18CS | N.E. | – | – | – | |||||
| 1CS | 24h | 18CS | N.E. | – | – | – | |||||
| No | No | 19CS | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | |||||
| Clem & Huganir 2010 | S831A and S845! Mutant mouse | 6 (CS –US) associations CS: tone (20s, 2000Hz, 80dB) US: foot shock (2000ms, 1.5mA) |
1CS | 30min | 19+19 CS | Decrease | Decrease | – | – | ||
| No | 30min | 20+19 CS | N.E. | N.E. | – | – | |||||
| Chan et al. 2010 | Wistar rat | 3(CS-US) associations CS: tone (20 or 30s, 750Hz, 90dB) US: foot shock (500ms, 0.7mA) |
1CS | 10 min | 18CS | – | N.E. | – | – | ||
| 1CS | 90min | 18CS | – | Increased | – | – | |||||
| No | No | 19CS | – | N.E. | – | – | |||||
| 4(CSa-US) + 4(CSb-US) | 1CSa | 10min | 20CSa+21CSb | – | – | Increased | – | ||||
| Flavell et al. 2011 | Lister Hooded Rat | 2(CS-US) associations CS: tone (60s, 10Hz, 80dB) US: foot shock (500ms, 0,5mA) |
1CS | 1h | 10CS | – | Increased | – | – | ||
| No | No | 11CS | – | N.E. | – | – | |||||
| Contextual fear conditioning | Pérez-Cuesta et al. 2009 | Crab | 50min in CX 15US presentation US: visual danger stimulus (9s) |
15min CX | 15 min | 2h CX | N.E. | – | Decrease | – | |
| No | No | 2h CX | N.E. | – | Decrease | – | |||||
| Rao-Ruiz et al. 2011 | C57BL/6NJ Mouse | 3min in CX 2US presentation US: foot shock (2s, 0.7mA) |
3min CX | 2h | 30min CX | Decrease | – | Decrease | – | ||
| 3min CX | 24h | 30min CX | N.E | – | N.E | – | |||||
| No | No | 30min CX | N.E | – | N.E | – | |||||
| Flavell et al. 2011 | Lister Hooded Rat | 3min in CX 1US presentation US: foot shock (2s, 0.5mA) |
2min CX | 1h | 28min CX | – | – | Decrease | Decrease | ||
| No | No | 30min CX | – | – | N.E. | N.E. | |||||
| Remote fear memory r | Contextual fear conditioning | Costanzi et al. | C57BL6N mouse | 3min in CX 1US presentation US: foot shock (0.2s, 0,7mA) |
3min CX | 1h | 30min CX | N.E. | – | Decrease | – |
| No | No | 33min CX | N.E. | – | Decrease | – | |||||
| 15min CX | 1h | 30min CX | N.E. | – | Decrease | – | |||||
Abbreviations: US (unconditioned stimulus); CS (conditioned stimulus); CX (conditioning context); N.E. (no effect)