Table 1.
Global and continental carbon and nitrogen budgets for the years 2001–2010 derived from the O–CN simulations driven with NCAR (TM5) nitrogen deposition fields. BNF, biological nitrogen fixation; GPP, gross primary production; NBP, net biome production = net ecosystem production − anthropogenic C losses.
| Africa | Asia | Europe | N. America | S. America | Oceania | global | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| area (106 km2) | 29.8 | 40.6 | 9.7 | 24.0 | 17.9 | 8.1 | 133.6 |
| nitrogen inputs (Tg N yr−1) | |||||||
| BNF | 26.9 | 20.5 | 4.3 | 11.6 | 29.9 | 5.2 | 98.7 (99.1) |
| deposition | 9.7 | 27.4 | 7.5 | 9.1 | 5.9 | 1.2 | 61.9 (55.6) |
| fertilizer | 7.2 | 53.9 | 13.6 | 17.9 | 4.9 | 1.4 | 99.7 (99.7) |
| nitrogen losses (Tg N yr−1) | |||||||
| leaching loss | 16.1 | 37.2 | 7.2 | 14.2 | 17.4 | 3.6 | 97.1 (92.8) |
| volatilization (NH3 + NOx + N2O + N2) | 26.0 | 47.0 | 12.4 | 16.9 | 17.8 | 4.4 | 124.9 (123.8) |
| soil N2O emission | 2.3 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 8.7 (8.7) |
| soil N2 emission | 20.7 | 41.4 | 10.9 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 3.6 | 105.8 (104.9) |
| N export | 2.5 | 5.4 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 15.0 (15.0) |
| nitrogen balance (Tg N yr−1) | |||||||
| plant uptake | 161.5 | 205.9 | 95.5 | 113.8 | 201.1 | 21.4 | 800.1 (792.2) |
| net ecosystem N storage | 0.6 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 4.0 | 0.1 | 27.1 (26.8) |
| nitrogen pools (Pg N) | |||||||
| vegetation N | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 3.5 (3.4) |
| litter and soil N | 13.2 | 35.7 | 16.8 | 21.7 | 13.7 | 2.6 | 103.9 (102.2) |
| soil mineral N (10−3) | 14.8 | 35.5 | 10.8 | 15.8 | 9.8 | 3.1 | 90.8 (85.5) |
| carbon fluxes (Pg C yr−1) | |||||||
| GPP | 25.6 | 29.9 | 11.4 | 16.8 | 34.9 | 3.6 | 122.3 (121.6) |
| NBP | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.9 (1.9) |
| carbon pools (Pg C) | |||||||
| vegetation C | 114.5 | 145.8 | 42.1 | 75.8 | 187.3 | 12.4 | 581.4 (578.1) |
| litter and soil C | 169.2 | 431.2 | 196.6 | 270.3 | 174.5 | 37.5 | 1287.6 (1268.2) |