Table 1.

Study participants by cleft type and population

Population	Phenotype	Number of triads		Comments
		nonsyndromic	syndromic
Danishe	CPOa	68	15	223 three-generation families (mother, father, child, and mother’s parents)
	CLb	64	5
	CLPc	89	6
Norwegian	CPO	100	67	426 complete triads and 52 triads with a missing parent
	CL	112	15
	CLP	152	32
	Controld	516		326 dyads and 190 triads

^aCPO= Cleft Palate Only

^bCL= Cleft Lip only

^cCLP= Cleft Lip and cleft Palate

^dControl fathers were first asked to provide a swab sample only after November 1998, two years after the onset of the study. Hence, a substantial proportion of the control families initially recruited consist of only mother-child dyads.

^eSubphenotype information for one Danish case was not available.