Table 2. Cardiometabolic Biomarkers, by Quartiles of Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007–2009a .
| Biomarker | 25(OH)D Quartiles |
βb (SE) | P Valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 476) | Q2 (n = 477) | Q3 (n = 477) | Q4 (n = 476) | |||
| 25(OH)D, nmol/L | ||||||
| Range | 11.62–49.91 | 49.92–65.79 | 65.80–83.53 | 83.54–267.07 | NC | NC |
| Mean (95% CI) | 38.1 (36.6–39.6) | 57.9 (57.1–58.7) | 74.4 (73.6–75.1) | 102.5 (98.6–106.5) | NC | NC |
| Glucose, mmol/Lc | 5.2 (5.0–5.3) | 5.1 (5.0–5.3) | 5.0 (4.9–5.2) | 5.0 (4.8–5.1) | −0.02 (0.02) | .23 |
| Insulin, pmol/Lc | 83.0 (67.8–98.3) | 66.9 (59.8–74.0) | 65.6 (57.4–73.9) | 64.8 (57.7–72.0) | −0.16 (0.04) | .003 |
| HOMA-IRc | 2.9 (2.4–3.4) | 2.3 (2.0–2.5) | 2.2 (1.8–2.5) | 2.1 (1.9–2.4) | −0.18 (0.05) | .002 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/Lc | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | −0.21 (0.06) | .004 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.9 (4.7–5.1) | 5.0 (4.9–5.2) | 4.8 (4.6–5.1) | 4.6 (4.4–4.8) | −0.31 (0.14) | .05 |
| HDL-C, mmol/Ld | 1.3 (1.2–1.3) | 1.3 (1.3–1.4) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.3 (1.3–1.4) | 0.02 (0.01) | .13 |
| LDL-C, mmol/Ld | 3.1 (2.9–3.3) | 3.2 (3.0–3.3) | 3.0 (2.8–3.1) | 2.7 (2.6–2.9) | −0.09 (0.03) | .02 |
| Total:HDL-Cc | 4.0 (3.7–4.3) | 4.0 (3.8–4.3) | 3.7 (3.5–3.9) | 3.6 (3.4–3.8) | −0.09 (0.02) | .004 |
| ApoA1, g/Ld | 1.4 (1.4–1.4) | 1.4 (1.4–1.5) | 1.5 (1.4–1.5) | 1.4 (1.4–1.5) | 0.02 (0.01) | .10 |
| ApoB, g/Lc | 0.92 (0.86–1.00) | 0.95 (0.91–0.98) | 0.89 (0.85–0.94) | 0.85 (0.82–0.88) | −0.07 (0.04) | .07 |
| CRP, mg/Lc | 2.3 (1.7–2.9) | 2.3 (1.9–2.6) | 2.4 (2.1–2.7) | 2.1 (1.7–2.4) | 0.09 (0.13) | .52 |
| Fibrinogen, mmol/L | 0.030 (0.028–0.032) | 0.030 (0.028–0.031) | 0.030 (0.028–0.031) | 0.029 (0.028–0.031) | 0.01 (0.01) | .56 |
| Homocysteine, µmol/Lc | 8.0 (7.2–8.8) | 7.4 (7.0–7.9) | 8.0 (7.4–8.6) | 7.6 (7.0–8.2) | −0.04 (0.04) | .39 |
Abbreviations: SE, standard error; NC, not calculated; CI, confidence interval; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; CRP, C-reactive protein.
a
Shown are biomarker crude means (95% CI) for each 25(OH)D quartile (weighted).
b
Regression coefficients (β), SEs, and P values for the linear relationship between 25(OH)D and biomarkers adjusted for sex, waist circumference, physical activity, season, and hormone drug use.
c
Where necessary, variables were natural log-transformed for analysis.
d
Where necessary, variables were square-root transformed for analysis.