Table 3.
Characteristics of Selected Participantsa in the Ontario Tobacco Survey Panel Study With a Focus on Longitudinal Transitions Into, and Out of, Self-Reported Occasional Smoking Statusb
| Observed pattern of smoking status: Daily (D), occasional (O), or former (F; abstinence for at least 30 days) over three consecutive interviews | D-O-F (staged cessation) | D-O-O (reduced smoking) | D-O-D (rebound) | p value (2df)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N of repeated measures observations (triads)a | 82 | 90 | 210 | |
| N cross-sectional observations (individuals)a | 76 | 80 | 204 | |
| Age | (n = 82) | (n = 89) | (n = 210) | |
| Mean | 38.0 | 39.4 | 41.5 | .205 |
| Sample SE | 2.19 | 3.05 | 1.49 | |
| Sex (%)c | (n = 82) | (n = 90) | (n = 210) | |
| Female | 54.2 | 34.3 | 44.5 | .117 |
| Male | 45.8 | 65.7 | 55.5 | |
| Education (%) | (n = 82) | (n = 89) | (n = 210) | |
| High school or less | 36.5 | 30.0 | 42.9 | .266 |
| More than high school | 63.5 | 70.0 | 57.1 | |
| Marital status (%) | (n = 81) | (n = 89) | (n = 210) | |
| Single | 52.2 | 54.7 | 43.1 | .301 |
| Married/common law | 47.8 | 45.3 | 56.9 | |
| Time since last cigarette (%) | (n = 82) | (n = 90) | (n = 210) | |
| Within past week | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | N/A |
| Within past month | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Within 6 months | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| >since months prior | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Number of days smoked (prev. 30 days) | (n = 82) | (n = 90) | (n = 210) | |
| Mean | 28.2 | 23.9 | 28.6 | .003 |
| Sample SE | 0.52 | 1.43 | 0.35 | |
| Number of cigarettes per day | (n = 82) | (n = 90) | (n = 210) | |
| Mean | 8.9 | 8.1 | 11.4 | .003 |
| Sample SE | 0.86 | 1.00 | 0.76 | |
| Heaviness of smoking index | (n = 79) | (n = 86) | (n = 207) | |
| Mean | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.9 | .002 |
| Sample SE | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.15 | |
| Weekly pattern of reported smoking | (n = 82) | (n = 90) | (n = 210) | |
| Smoked weekends and weekdays | 100.0 | 99.4 | 99.6 | N/A |
| Weekday or weekend smokers | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | |
| Perceived addiction (%) | (n = 82) | (n = 89) | (n = 208) | |
| Less addicted (“somewhat” or “not at all”) | 64.0 | 66.0 | 41.3 | .002 |
| Very addicted | 36.0 | 34.0 | 58.7 | |
| Prior number of quit attempts (%) | (n = 79) | (n = 86) | (n = 200) | |
| None | 5.5 | 7.1 | 4.1 | .757 |
| One or more | 94.5 | 92.9 | 95.9 | |
| Quit intention (%) | (n = 82) | (n = 90) | (n = 210) | |
| No (incl. don’t know) | 38.3 | 48.0 | 33.4 | .203 |
| Yes | 61.7 | 52.0 | 66.6 | |
| Quitting confidence (%) | (n = 82) | (n = 90) | (n = 210) | |
| Less or uncertain confidence (incl. don’t know) | 26.6 | 18.7 | 28.2 | .354 |
| Fairly or very confident | 73.4 | 81.3 | 71.9 | |
| Smoking in the home (%) | (n = 82) | (n = 90) | (n = 208) | |
| Little or no exposure (less than monthly) | 73.6 | 73.4 | 69.5 | .786 |
| Regular exposure (at least monthly) | 26.4 | 26.6 | 30.5 | |
| Ever prior use of pharmacotherapy (%) | (n = 80) | (n = 85) | (n = 207) | |
| No | 52.8 | 50.4 | 39.8 | .266 |
| Yes | 47.2 | 49.6 | 60.2 | |
| Ever prior use of behavioral supports (%) | (n = 80) | (n = 85) | (n = 205) | |
| No | 76.4 | 67.0 | 59.3 | .104 |
| Yes | 23.6 | 33.0 | 401.7 |
Note. SE = standard error of the mean.
aThis analysis uses a repeated measures approach where one observation is a set of three consecutive complete interviews over the course of the Ontario Tobacco Survey (OTS) panel study (Waves 1–6). The analysis used 13,000 observations reflecting data from 4,352 unique participants in the OTS. All OTS panel study participants had smoked within 6 months at the baseline interview. This analysis was restricted to those who smoked 100+ lifetime cigarettes at baseline. Numbers in parentheses are nonmissing valid responses.
bSmoking status was defined as follows: Daily or occasional smokers had smoked within the past 30 days and described their usual behavior and smoking either daily (daily or almost every day) or occasional. Former smokers were required to have not smoked in the previous 30 days at the time of interview.
cPercentage estimates may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
dFor proportions, p value reflects a chi-square test for nonassociation across all three groups (2df) and for continuous measures, from a one-way analysis of variance for main effect by group (2df). Variance estimates, confidence intervals, and p values account for the nonindependence of observations.