Table 3.
Morphological character matrix used for cladistic analysis
| Species | Character state | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
|
Botryllus schlosseri |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
- |
- |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Botrylloides leachi |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
- |
- |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Styela plicata |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Polyandrocarpa zorritensis |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Molgula socialis |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Pyura stolonifera |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Clavelina lepadiformis |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Diplosoma listerianum |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Ciona intestinalis |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Ascidiella aspersa |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Phallusia mammillata |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Chelyosoma productum |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Corella inflata |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Oikopleura dioica |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0/1 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
|
|
Pyrosoma atlanticum |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
? |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Doliolum nationalis |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Branchiostoma floridae |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
Lethenteron camtschaticum |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
1 |
0 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
0 |
0 |
- |
0 |
|
Eptatretus stoutii |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
- |
1 |
1 |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
? |
0 |
- |
0 |
| Danio rerio | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | ? | 0 | - | 0 |
Matrix based on 19 characters derived from detailed ultrastructural studies of secondary sensory cells in different 20 species. For all the characters, “0” denotes absence and “1” presence (see Table 2 for character description); “-” was used when the character definition was not applicable to the species, “?” when the character state is not known. See Table 1 for references.