Table 4.
Determinants of average annual costs of hospitalization (multivariable Gamma Generalized Equations Estimate model with log link)
| |
Males |
Females |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Effect* | (95% CI) | Effect* | (95% CI) |
| Age (one year) |
1.01 |
(1.00-1.01) |
1.01 |
(1.00-1.01) |
| WC (10 cm) |
0.97 |
(0.83-1.12) |
1.08 |
(1.02-1.14) |
| BMI (one unit) |
1.01 |
(0.98-1.04) |
0.99 |
(0.98-1.00) |
| Hypertensive disease |
1.18 |
(1.08-1.28) |
1.21 |
(1.17-1.26) |
| Malignant neoplasms |
1.25 |
(1.04-1.51) |
1.37 |
(1.12-1.68) |
| Respiratory diseases |
1.40 |
(1.10-1.79) |
1.24 |
(1.10-1.38) |
| Diabetes |
0.92 |
(0.82-1.03) |
0.98 |
(0.90-1.06) |
| CVDs |
1.22 |
(1.07-1.39) |
0.97 |
(0.89-1.06) |
| CVDs in cohort members with diabetes** |
1.27 |
(1.14-1.43) |
1.35 |
(1.08-1.69) |
| Mental disorders |
1.06 |
(0.61-1.85) |
1.16 |
(1.09-1.24) |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 1.15 | (1.04-1.26) | 1.45 | (1.39-1.51) |
* Effect=mean costs ratio, obtained as exponential of model coefficients. Model adjusted for height, educational level, marital status, current cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption.
** Test for interaction: males p=0.625; females p=0.007.
CI confidence interval, WC waist circumference, BMI body mass index, CVDs cardiovascular diseases.