Figure 4. Functional immunological response to rat-specific influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The average level of serum influenza-specific IgM and IgG were measured in male LRRK2 and deficient rats preceding and following influenza infection (A and B). Average natural killer cell activity, as a function of target cell lysis, was assessed in male LRRK2 and deficient rats on the second day following influenza infection (C). The average number of interferon γ producing cells as a function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed in male LRRK2 and deficient rats 8 days following influenza infection (D). The average number of lung Streptococcus pneumonia bacterial colonies was assessed in male LRRK2 and deficient rats 24 hours following infection (on Day 29), streptococcus control animals were assessed 1 hour following infection on Day 28 (N = 5 male LRRK2 wild type and deficient rats; a two-tailed Student’s T-test was used to assess significance between genotypes where * represents a P-value <0.05 and ** represents a P-value <0.01; standard deviations of the mean are provided).