Table 4.
Results of fixed-effect models predicting depressive symptoms and smoking behaviors on migration status and other covariates for males, Indonesia, 2000-2007 (p-values in parentheses)
| Depressive symptoms 1 | Currently smoking 1 | No. of cigarettes per day 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | |
| Rural-urban labor migrants (ref. rural non-migrants) |
0.022 (0.952) |
0.793 (0.104) |
0.308*** (0.000) |
||||||
| Whether moving with family members (ref. rural non-migrants) |
|||||||||
| Moved with family members | 0.403 (0.490) |
0.531 (0.540) |
0.081 (0.378) |
||||||
| Moved without family members | −0.168 (0.706) |
0.885 (0.114) |
0.426*** (0.000) |
||||||
| Length of stay at destination (ref. rural non-migrants) |
|||||||||
| Moved to cities in or before 2004 | 0.555 (0.320) |
0.105 (0.873) |
0.110 (0.222) |
||||||
| Moved to cities after 2004 | −0.123 (0.794) |
1.116+ (0.099) |
0 411*** (0.000) |
||||||
| N | 1,364 | 782 | 3,852 | ||||||
Note: Other covariates are omitted, which are the same as in Table 2. N is the number of observations for panel respondents.
1
They are logistic FE models. Log odds are shown.
2
They are poisson FE models. Log odds are shown. Corresponding linear FE models are estimated, which give similar results.
***
p value < 0.001
**
p value < 0.01
*
p value < 0.05
+
p value < 0.1.
Source: Indonesia Family Life Survey.