Effects of ERs on endogenous gene expression. (A) MDA-MB-231 cells were infected with recombinant adenoviruses in the absence (−) or presence (+) of 10−9 M E2 for 48h. Total RNA from infected cells was subjected to qPCR for the expression of the TFF1, C3, MMP1 and RARA genes. (B) Summary of genes identified with microarrays. MDA-MB-231 cells were infected with recombinant adenoviruses in the absence of E2 for 48h. Cells were then treated with 10−9 M E2 for 6h. Total RNA was subjected to arrays. Results are the mean of six independent determinations. (C) Verification of subset of genes identified with arrays. Infected MDA-MB-231 cells were maintained in the absence of E2 for 48h. Cells were then treated without or with 10−9 M E2 for 6, 12 or 24h. Total RNA was subjected to qPCR. Results, which are the mean ± SEM of four independent determinations in quadruplicate, are depicted as fold change compared with the level of gene expression in cells infected with the parent recombinant adenovirus (Ad5) in the absence of E2 at 6h of E2 treatment. The expression of the LOXL4, CDKN1A, FST, CRISPLD2, TBXA2R, SERPINB2, MMP1, HAS2, HBEGF genes are shown.