Figure 2.

Behavioral results. A, Choice behavior for likely winning, neutral, and likely losing trials across blocks. All the analyses were restricted to the last three-quarters of the trials, indicated here as the area between the vertical dashed lines (shaded areas indicate SEM for each trace). B, The presentation of likely winning pairs was positively associated with the probability of betting high. Gain maximization was defined as the strength of this association for each participant. The presentation of neutral pairs was negatively associated with the probability of betting high. The presentation of likely losing pairs was also negatively associated with the probability of betting high. Across participants, loss minimization scores corresponded to the strength of this association multiplied by −1 (i.e., or, equivalently to the strength of the association between likely losing pairs and the probability of betting low). Error bars indicate SEM. C, Gain-maximization and loss-minimization scores were positively correlated with each other and independently with the amount of points earned by each participant during the session. Earnings are coded by the size of each bubble. Participants with low gain-maximization and low loss-minimization scores tend to be represented by smaller bubbles than participants with high scores in such dimensions. The dashed line distinguishes between participants that were better in gain maximization than in loss minimization (above the line) and those who showed the opposite tendency (below).