Deletion of Tnfα rescues the low bone formation owing to Tshr deficiency. The effect of deleting the Tnfα gene on a homozygote (Tshr−/−) (A) or heterozygote (Tshr+/−) (B) background on bone formation, shown either as double-labeled surfaces (10×, Lower: magnified digitally to show differences in interlabel distances) or as quantitative estimates of MS, MAR, and BFR (units as shown). Statistics by Student t test with Bonferroni’s correction; comparisons as shown, *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01, compared with Tshr+/+/Tnfα+/+ mice; ^P ≤ 0.05; ^^P ≤ 0.01, comparisons with Tshr−/−/Tnfα+/+ (A) or Tshr+/−/Tnfα+/+ (B) mice; mean ± SEM is shown, 9–57 sections from up to six mice per group.