Fig. 7.

Androgens promote autophagy-mediated cell growth, in part, through elevating intracellular ROS levels. A, VCaP cells were cotreated for 3 d ± 1 mm TEMPOL and ± 10 nm R1881. Cells were then assayed for ROS production using CM-H2DCF-DA-based fluorescence microscopy analysis. B, VCaP cells were treated as in A and subjected to Western blot analysis for LC3B and GAPDH (loading control). C, VCaP cells were treated as in A and B. Cells were then assayed for intracellular TG levels as described in Fig. 4D. Each sample was performed in triplicate, and results from a representative experiment are shown. Results are expressed as TG levels normalized to cell numbers + se (n = 2). *, Significant changes from double vehicle-treated cells. D, VCaP cells were again cotreated but for 7 d and then assayed for relative cell numbers as described in Fig. 1. Each sample was performed in triplicate, and results from a representative experiment are shown. Results are expressed as mean relative cell number + se (n = 3). *, Significant changes from double vehicle-treated cells.