Table 1.
Selected observational studies of gene-lifestyle interactions on obesity.
| Reference | Subjects* | Gene (variants) |
Lifestyle factors |
Major findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meirhaeghe et al. (1999)68 |
1152 | ADRB2 (Gln27Glu) |
Physical activity |
Men carrying Gln27Gln genotype had increased risk of adiposity only with no physical activity. No interaction was observed in women |
| Luan et al. (2001)64 |
592 |
PPARG (Pro12Ala) |
Total fat, P:S ratio |
BMI was higher among Ala allele carriers only when the P:S ratio was low, and the opposite was seen when P:S ratio was high (p-interaction = 0.0039) |
| Corbalan et al. (2002)69 |
252 F | ADRB2 (Gln27Glu) |
Physical activity |
In women who were more active, Glu-allele carriers had higher BMI than non-carriers. |
| Marti et al. (2002)67 |
313 |
PPARG (Pro12Ala) |
CHO | Pro12Ala was associated with increased risk of obesity only in those with higher CHO intake (p-interaction = 0.02) |
| Martinez et al. (2003)66 |
313 |
ADRB2 (Gln27Glu) |
CHO | Women with high CHO intake had greater risk of obesity than those with low CHO intake only in Gln27Glu heterozygotes (p-interaction = 0.058) |
| Nieters et al. (2002)62 |
306 | 11 genes (15 SNPs) |
n-6 PUFA | Substantial interaction between variants in PPARG2, TNFA, leptin (possibly APM1, HSL) and dietary n-6 FA intake in relation to obesity risk |
| Robitaille et al. (2003)65 |
313 M/407 F |
PPARG (Pro12Ala) |
Total fat, SFA | In women, Pro12Pro homozygotes were positively associated with total fat and SFA intake in relation to WC and BMI, but not in Ala-allele carriers |
| Memisoglu et al. (2003)63 |
2142 F |
PPARG (Pro12Ala) |
Total fat, fatty acids, P:S ratio |
BMI was positively related to total fat only in Pro12Pro homozygotes (p-interaction = 0.0003); BMI was negatively related to MUFA only in Ala-allele carriers (p-interaction = 0.003) |
| Robitaille et al. (2004)61 |
632 M |
PPARA (Leu162Val) |
Total fat, SFA | Total fat and saturated fat intake were positively related to WC only in Leu162Leu homozygotes (p-interaction = 0.01 and 0.008, respectively) |
| Alonso et al. (2005)72 |
300 | UCP3 (−55C > T) |
Physical activity |
Carrying T-allele was associated with lower risk of obesity only in those with higher physical activity |
| Berentzen et al. (2005)73 |
1285 | UCP2 (ID), UCP3 (−55C > T) |
Physical activity |
No interaction in relation to 10-year weight change |
| Miyaki et al. (2005)59 |
295 M |
ADRB3 (Trp64Arg) |
Total energy | Arg64-allele carriers were associated with greater obesity risk than Trp64Trp homozygotes, but only in the highest energy intake quartile |
| Moran et al. (2005)70 |
1016 | ACE (I/D) | Physical activity | Carrying D-allele was associated with increased fat thickness; this association was strongest in women with no extra exercise |
| Ridderstrale et al. (2006)71 |
902 M/899 F | PPARGC1A (GLy482Ser) |
Physical activity |
Elderly men carrying Ser-allele had increased risk of obesity |
| Song et al. (2007)60 |
285 M |
IL6R (Asp358Ala) |
Total energy | Energy intake was significantly associated with WC in T-allele carriers, but not in GG homozygotes (p-interaction = 0.03) |
| Andeasen et al. (2008)28 |
17,162 | FTO (rs9939609) |
Physical activity |
Physically inactive AA homozygotes had an increase in BMI compared with TT homozygotes (p-interaction = 0.007) |
*
If not indicated, the studies include both male (M) and female (F).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHO, carbohydrates; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; P:S ratio, ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid; WC, waist circumstance.