Table 1.

Studies in Early and Middle Childhood Samples

1st Author(s)	Year	Sample	Female N	Age	Behavior Assessed (Reporter)	Childhood Onset Modeling	Adol: Child Onset	M/F Separate (Y/N)a	Trajectories/Groups n (%)
Early Childhood
Tremblay et al.	2005	Community -Quebec births -Race/ethnicity not given -Mid-to-upper SES	261	5-42 mos	Physical Aggression (3 itemsb – Parent)	Semi- parametric modeling	N/A	N	1. High 29 (11.1%) 2. Modest 146 (55.9%) 3. Low (33%)
Middle Childhood
McFadyen- Ketchum et al.	1996	Community -From 15 public schools -81.6% European American -35.8% single parent	234	5-8	Aggression (TRFc – Teacher, Peer Nominations)	T score > 50 on TRF = high; direction of change	N/A	Y	1. High increasing 15 (6.4%) 2. High decreasing 28 (12.0%) 3. Low increasing 90 (38.5%) 4. Low decreasing 101 (43.2%)
van Lier & Crijnen	2005	Community -The Netherlands -69% Caucasian	141	7-9	Aggressive Behavior (Peer nominations)	General growth mixture modeling	N/A	N	1. Early-onset increasers 7 (5%) 2.Moderate-persisters 37 (26.2%) 3. Low stable 97 (68.8%)
Schaeffer et al.	2006	Community -Baltimore school sample -71.3% African American -50% low income	466	6-11	Aggressive– Disruptive (TOCAd – Teacher)	General growth mixture modeling	N/A	Y	1. Chronic high 42 (9%) 2. Low moderate 312 (67%) 3. Low (24%)
Early Childhood to Middle Childhood
NICHD ECCRN & Arsenio	2004	Community -NICHDa sample -Multi-site -24% Minority -Middle class	581	2-8	Physical Aggression (6 items CBCL – Parent)	Semi- parametric modeling	N/A	N	1. High 8 (1.4%) 2. Moderate 73 (12.6%) 3. Moderate declining 56 (9.6%) 4. Low 151 (26%) 5. Very low 293 (50.4%)
Côté et al.	2006	Community -Canadian representative -NLSCYb sample -Accelerated design -Race/ethnicity not given -Middle class	5128	2-11	Physical Aggression (3 items – Parent)	Semi- parametric modeling	N/A	N	1. High stable 677 (13.2%) 2. Moderate desister 2656 (51.8%) 3. Low desister 1795 (35%)
Côté et al.	2007	Community -Canadian representative -NLSCY subsample -Race/ethnicity not given -Middle class	594	2-8	Physical Aggression (3 items – Parent)	Semi- parametric modeling	N/A	N	1. High stable 80 (13.5%) 2. Moderate-desister 247 (41.8%) 3. Low-desister 229 (38.7%) 4. Low stable 35 (5.9%)

^aWere males and female trajectories modeled separately?

^bNo specific measure provided: 1) hits, bites, kicks, 2) fights, 3) and bullies others.

^cTRF = Teacher Report Form Version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001).

^dTOCA = Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation–Revised (Werthamer-Larsson, Kellam, & Wheeler, 1991).

^aNICHD = National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

^bNLSCY = National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth.