Table 1.

Reported and confirmed cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection in free-ranging wildlife of North America

	Status	Prevalence (%)	Year	Species	Reference
USA
Hawaii	Endemic	<5·0	1970, 1971, 1972, 1981, 1998	Axis deer	[43, 107, 108]
		20·0–3·8	1980, 1994, 1999–present	Feral swine	[43, 45, 108]
Michigan	Endemic	4·9–0·2	1975, 1994–present	White-tailed deer	[14, 15, 109]
		52–4·8	1996–1999; 2003–2005	Coyote	[14, 47, 48, 110]
		4·6–2·4	1996–2003	Raccoon	[14, 47, 110]
		3·3–2·4	1996–2003	Black bear	[14, 47, 110]
		12·5–7·0	1996–2003	Bobcat	[14, 47, 110]
		16·6–10·0	1996–2003	Red fox	[14, 47, 110]
		2·4	1996–2003	Opossum	[14]
		0·3	2000, 2001, 2003	Rocky Mountain elk	[14]
		n.a.	2000	Feral cat	[111]
Minnesota	Below detection level	<1·2	2005–present	White-tailed deer	[32, 33, 112]
Montana	Reported	4·9	1994	Mule deer	[26]
		4·3	1994	Coyote	[26]
New York	Reported	n.a.	1933, 1937, 1961	White-tailed deer	[23, 24, 113, 114]
Canada
Alberta	Endemic	5·5	1939–40	Manitoban elk	[21, 39]
		5·6	1939–40	Canadian moose	[21, 39]
		0·8	1939–40	Mule deer	[21, 39]
		49·0–42·0	1925–present	Wood bison	[42, 115]
		53·7	1923–37	Plains bison	[21, 39]
Manitoba	Endemic	n.a.	1937	Plains bison	[75]
		n.a.	1978	Wolf (pups)	[74, 116]
		3·6–0·4	1992, 1998–2005	Manitoban elk	[34, 109]
		<0·5	1998–2005	White-tailed deer	[34, 109]
Ontario	Reported	0·2	1958	White-tailed deer	[22]
Mexico*
Tamaulipas	Unconfirmed	8·8	2004–2009	White-tailed deer	[37, 38]
Nuevo León	Unconfirmed	8·5	2004–2009	White-tailed deer	[37, 38]
Coahuila	Unconfirmed	6·0–18·7	2004–2009	White-tailed deer	[37, 38]

^*Reports for Mexico represent unconfirmed reports only. They are included here for completeness as they are the only reports of M. bovis in wildlife in Mexico. Prevalence reported is for the presence of serum antibodies for bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) and have not been confirmed using bacterial culture.