Table 1.

Antibodies and their targeted structures in skin biopsies

Antibody	Target		Immunoreactive structures
Anti-PGP 9.5	Protein gene product 9.5		Axons
Anti-MBP	Myelin basic protein		Compact myelin
Anti-Col IV	Collagen type IV		Basal membrane, blood vessels
Anti-Nava	Voltage-gated sodium channels		Node of Ranvier
Anti-Caspr	Contactin-associated protein		Paranodes
Anti-VIP	Vasoactive intestinal peptide		Autonomic cholinergic and adrenergic fibers (i.e., innervating sweat glands, hair follicles, AVAs, Merkel complexes)
Anti-DβH	Dopamine β-hydroxylase		Autonomic noradrenergic fibers (i.e., innervating arrector pili, AVAs)
Anti-sub P	Substance P		Peptidergic C fibers associated with Meissner corpuscles, NGF-dependent axons
Anti-CGRP	Calcitonin gene related peptide
Anti-S100	S100 protein		Schwann cells, myelinating or nonmyelinating; Meissner corpuscle capsule
Anti-GAP43	Growth-associated protein 43		Primarily C fibers that are constantly remodeling
Anti-NF	Neurofilaments		Larger-diameter fibers (e.g., Aδ and Aβ)
Anti-TH	Tyrosine hydroxylase		Sympathetic C fibers innervating blood vessels and pilomotor muscles
Anti-p75	Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor		Schwann cells

AVA arteriovenous anastomoses, NGF nerve growth factor

^aPan sodium channel antibody stains all subtypes (e.g., 1.2 and 1.6–1.8 are found in peripheral nerves)