Structures and biosynthetic pathways of ganglio-series gangliosides. The nomenclature for gangliosides and the components are based on those of Svennerholm53) and IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature54), respectively. Glycosyltransferases catalyzing the synthesis of glycosphingolipids, including gangliosides, are underlined. GD1α, GT1aα, GQ1bα, and GP1cα are classified as belonging to the α-series gangliosides.