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Published in final edited form as: Health Place. 2012 May 31;18(5):1172–1187. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.05.006

Table 2. Studies assessing the food environment and diet bv exnosure assessment techniaue. access dimension, construct, and results.

Exposure assessment	Access dimension	Construct	At least one positive association (p<0.05) with diettary outcome >e		Only null associations with dietary outcome		Results opposite from expected
Survey	Availability	Perceived healthy food availability	Inglis (2008) Moore (2008) Moore (2009)	Osypuk (2009) Sharkey (2010) Williams (2010)	Gustafson (2011)
		Accessibility	Perceived access to healthy food	Caldwell (2009)^a Rose (2004)		Inglis (2008) Gustafson (2011)	Pearson (2005) Williams (2010)
		Affordability	Cost, affordability	Williams (2010) Zenk (2005)		Sharkey (2010)		Inglis (2008)^§
		Acceptability	Quality, selection	Inglis (2008) Sharkey (2010)	Zenk (2005)	Zenk (2009)
Store audit	Availability	Shelf-space	Bodor (2008)		Caldwell (2009)^a
		Product-availability	Cheadle (1991) Fisher (1999)	Franco (2009) Thornton (2010)	Gustafson (2011)
		Variety	Caldwell (2009)^a		Bodor (2008)
	Affordability	Price			Pearson (2005) Zenk (2009)		Caldwell (2009)^§ Thornton (2010)^§
	Acceptability	Quality	Caldwell (2009) ^a		Zenk (2009)
	Accommodation	Hours open	Thornton (2010)
GIS	Availability	Store presence	Gustafson (2011) Jennings (2011)	Morland (2002) Timperio (2008)	Bodor (2008) Williams (2010)		Leung (2010)^§
		Store density	Izumi (2011) Moore (2008) Moore (2009) Murakami (2009) Powell (2011)	Powell (2009) Thornton (2010) Timperio (2008) Zenk (2009)	Jeffrey (2006) Laraia (2004) Paquet (2010) Thornton (2009) Turrell (2008)	Williams (2010)
		Variety	Thornton (2009)
	Accessibility	Distance	Laraia (2004) Michimi (2010) Sharkey (2010) Thornton (2010)		Bodor (2008) Gustafson (2011) Pearce (2009) Pearson (2005)	Thornton (2009) Turrell (2008) Williams (2010)	Jago (2007)^* Timperio (2008)^*
	Accessibility	Travel time	Pearce (2008)
Other	Availability	Informant report Opening of a new store	Moore (2008) Wrigley (2003)^a	Moore (2009)	Cummins (2005)^a
	Affordability	Regional food price index	Beydoun (2008) Powell (2011)	Powell (2009)	Beydoun (2011)^*

^a

Natural experiment or intervention study

^§

Significant results only in opposite direction from expected

^*

Mixed results (significant results in both directions)