| Publicly-available studies |
High |
Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome Network(52) |
Specific to individual studies |
High/free |
Application for data available online |
| Electronic medical record |
High |
Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II(68) |
>30,000 ICU patients at Beth Israel Deaconess since 2002 |
High/free |
Minute-to-minute data on physiologic variables; time-stamped treatments |
|
High |
Veterans Affairs, Inpatient Evaluation Center(62) |
>100 Veterans hospitals |
Low/variable |
Allows for rich risk adjustment on par with APACHE. Use requires partnering with VA investigator. |
|
High |
Epic, Cerner, local systems |
Usually limited to local health system unless EMR system widely disseminated |
Low/variable |
|
| Quality improvement, benchmarking |
High |
Michigan Hospital Association Keystone initiative(130) |
10 participating hospitals in Michigan |
Low/- |
Use usually requires partnering with Keystone investigator |
|
High |
APACHE(75) |
45 voluntarily hospitals |
Low/- |
Use requires partnering with Cerner |
|
High |
eICU Research Institute (formerly VISICU)(79) |
>1million patients in >180 non-federal voluntary hospitals |
Low/- |
Use requires partnering with University of Maryland. |
|
Moderate to low |
University Health System Consortium(131) |
90% academic and affiliated hospitals in US |
Moderate/- |
|
| Registries |
Moderate |
National Trauma Data Bank(82) |
Nationally representative sample of trauma |
Moderate/$200/yr |
Relatively inexpensive; obtained from the American College of Surgeons. |
|
Moderate |
American Heart Association Get With the Guidelines Resuscitation(87) |
> 400 voluntarily participating hospitals |
Moderate/free |
|
| Administrative/utilization claims |
Moderate |
Premier Perspective(105) |
Discharges of all payers from over 600 hospitals |
Moderate/>$50,000 - $100,000 |
Nation's largest inpatient drug utilization database and uniquely includes timestamps for labs, tests, procedures |
|
Moderate to low |
MarketScan(102) |
>36 million discharges; >100 insurers |
Low/thousands |
|
|
Moderate to low |
Medicare(93) |
Currently enrolled beneficiaries |
Moderate/$900-$20,000/file/year |
Inpatient + skilled nursing combined file (MedPAR) ∼ $900-$3500 |
|
Low |
National Hospital Discharge Database(27) |
Nationally representative sample of more than 300 hospitals |
High/free |
Maintained by the CDC and downloadable from internet |
|
|
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project(98) |
|
|
|
|
Low |
Kids' Inpatient Database |
Hospital discharges from 44 participating states |
High/$200-$350/year |
Price discounted for students |
|
Low |
National Inpatient Sample |
Nationally representative sample of hospital discharges |
High/$160-$322/year |
Price discounted for students |
|
Low |
State Emergency Department Databases |
ED discharges without admission from 37 participating states |
High/$35-$1600/state/year |
Price discounted for students |
|
Low |
State Inpatient Databases |
Hospital discharges from 44 participating states |
High/$35-$3500/state/year |
Price varies for profit/non-profit requestors |
