Table 1.

Data sources of key DALYs averted model parameters

Parameter	Data Source
Burden (macro models)	Mortality Data: ■ WHO Global Burden of Disease reports [[18,26] ■ Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)[27] ■ Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys [28] Morbidity Data: ■ DHS ■ Published literature
Risk of Infection (micro models)	■ Published literature ■ UNAIDS or WHO reports (for epidemic data) [29,30] ■ PSI population-based surveys (for behaviors such as sexual behavior or drug use behavior) [31]
Efficacy/Effectiveness	■ Published randomized controlled trials, community randomized trials ■ Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) reviews [32] ■ Cochrane Literature Review [33] ■ WHO Global Burden of Disease reports
Attrition, or Wastage	■ PSI supply chain studies (as of 2011) ■ PSI population-based surveys (as of 2011) ■ Communication with PSI programmers Note: Wastage data are rarely available in the published literature so wastage levels were assumed until 2011.
Utilization (including adherence)	Utilization Data: ■ PSI population-based surveys ■ USAID CYP conversion factor for family planning products [34] ■ Published literature Adherence Data: ■ Published literature ■ PSI product usage studies (e.g., pill counts in HAART program) ■ Communication with experts in the field Note that protective efficacy/effectiveness studies, such as CHERG reviews, are likely to have adherence/compliance data embedded in them already.
Time frame	Defined as one year. For products/services with lifespans longer than one year, all years of impact are counted in the year of distribution.
Disability Weight	Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors [18]
Duration of Disease or Disability	Published literature
Age at Death due to Disease or Disability	■ Age distribution data of age at death ■ Weighted estimates of age at death based on age group data from Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors [18]
Life Expectancy	WHO, 2011 (for Japanese life expectancy data) [35]