Table 2.
Summary of genes analysed using TaqMan-PCR low-density assays (TLDA)
| Gene name | Official symbol | Gene description | Functional category | TLDA assay number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MYOD1 | MYOD1 | Myogenic differentiation 1 | Differentiation marker | Hs00159528_m1 |
| MYF5 | MYF5 | Myogenic factor 5 | Differentiation marker | Hs00271574_m1 |
| Myogenin | MYOG | Myogenin (myogenic factor 4) | Differentiation marker | Hs00231167_m1 |
| PAX7 | PAX7 | Paired box 7 isoform 1 | Differentiation marker | Hs00242962_m1 |
| MEF2A | MEF2A | Myocyte enhancer factor 2A | Differentiation marker | Hs00271535_m1 |
| Creatine kinase | CKM | Creatine kinase, muscle | Differentiation marker | Hs00176490_m1 |
| NCAM1 (CD56) | NCAM1 | Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 | Satellite cell marker | Hs00941833_m1 |
| Syndecan 3 | SDC3 | Syndecan 3 | Satellite cell marker | Hs00206320_m1 |
| Troponin I | TNNI1 | Troponin I type 1 (skeletal, slow) | Skeletal muscle structure | Hs00268531_m1 |
| Troponin II | TNNI2 | Troponin I type 2 (skeletal, fast) | Skeletal muscle structure | Hs00268536_g1 |
| MYH1 | MYH1 | Myosin heavy chain-2 (MYH-1) IIx fast | Skeletal muscle structure | Hs00428600_m1 |
| MYH2 | MYH2 | Myosin heavy chain-2 (MYH-2) IIa fast | Skeletal muscle structure | Hs00430042_m1 |
| MYH3 | MYH3 | Myosin heavy chain-3 (MYH-3) embryonic | Skeletal muscle structure | Hs00159463_m1 |
| MYH4 | MYH4 | Myosin heavy chain-2 (MYH-4) IIb fast | Skeletal muscle structure | Hs00255652_m1 |
| MYH7 | MYH7 | Myosin heavy chain-7 (MYH-7) slow | Skeletal muscle structure | Hs00165276_m1 |
| IGF1 | IGF1 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C) | Anabolic | Hs01547656_m1 |
| Calpain 1 | CAPN1 | Calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit | Atrophy | Hs00559804_m1 |
| Calpastatin | CAST | Calpastatin | Atrophy | Hs00156280_m1 |
| FBXO32 | FBXO32 | F-box protein 32 (MAFbx) | Atrophy | Hs00369714_m1 |
| FOXO1 | FOXO1 | Forkhead box O1 | Atrophy | Hs00231106_m1 |
| TRIM63 | TRIM63 | Tripartite motif-containing 63 (MURF-1) | Atrophy | Hs00261590_m1 |
| Myostatin | MSTN | Myostatin | Atrophy | Hs00193363_m1 |
| FRAP1 | FRAP1 | FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1 (mTOR) | Catabolic | Hs00234522_m1 |
| GSK3β | GSK3B | Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta | Catabolic | Hs00275656_m1 |
| TNFα | TNFα | Tumour necrosis factor (TNFα superfamily, member 2) | Inflammation | Hs00174128_m1 |
| TWEAK | TNFSF12;TNFSF13 | Tumour necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 12 precursor (TWEAK) | Inflammation | Hs00356411_m1 |
| NOS2A | NOS2 | Nitric oxide synthase 2A (iNOS) | Inflammation | Hs00167257_m1 |
| IL6 | IL6 | Interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) | Inflammation | Hs00174131_m1 |
| p38 | MAPK1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (p38) | Inflammation | Hs00177066_m1 |
| NFκB | NFKB1 | Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105) | Inflammation | Hs00231653_m1 |
| IL15 | IL15 | Interleukin 15 preproprotein | Inflammation | Hs99999039_m1 |
| IL15 | CD36 | CD36 molecule (thrombospondin receptor) | Oxidative metabolism | Hs00354519_m1 |
| Citrate synthase | CS | Citrate synthase | Oxidative metabolism | Hs02574374_s1 |
| PPARδ | PPARD | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Oxidative metabolism | Hs00606407_m1 |
| PPARγc1α | PPARGC1A | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha | Oxidative metabolism | Hs00173304_m1 |
| PPARgc1β | PPARGC1B | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta | Oxidative metabolism | Hs00370186_m1 |
| PEPCK1 | PCK1 | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) | Oxidative metabolism | Hs00159918_m1 |
| PRKAα1 | PRKAA1 | Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit | Oxidative metabolism | Hs01562315_m1 |
| LDHA | LDHA | Lactate dehydrogenase A | Oxidative metabolism | Hs00855332_g1 |
| Pyruvate kinase | PKM2 | Pyruvate kinase, muscle isoform M2 | Oxidative metabolism | Hs00987247_g1 |
| β-HADH | HADH | Beta hydrox acyl CoA dehy | Oxidative metabolism | Hs00193428_m1 |
| 18S | 18S | Ribosomal 18S | Housekeeper | Hs99999901_s1 |
| RPL13A | RPL13A | RPL13A | Housekeeper | Hs03043885_g1 |
| Ubiquitin C | UBC | Ubiquitin C | Housekeeper | Hs00824723_m1 |
| β-2-Microglobulin | B2M | Beta-2-microglobulin | Housekeeper | Hs99999907_m1 |
| GAPDH | GAPDH | GAPDH | Housekeeper | Hs99999905_m1 |
| HPRT1 | HPRT1 | HPRT | Housekeeper | Hs99999909_m1 |
| HMBS | HMBS | Hydroxymethyl-bilane synthase | Housekeeper | Hs00609297_m1 |
Summary of 48 genes included on custom-made TLDA plates showing gene name, official gene symbol, gene description and functional category TLDA assay number. The TLDA included 41 skeletal muscle related genes and seven reference genes for normalisation of gene expression data