Table 2.
Mean metabolite levels and trend for four key groups.
| Mean Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolite§ | Normal | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Mets | β-value (SE)* | P trend** |
| Amino Acids | ||||||
| Alanine | 22.2 | 23.3 | 24.9 | 26.1 | 1.36 (0.12) | <0.001 |
| Proline | 21.4 | 22.7 | 24.2 | 25.3 | 1.36 (0.15) | <0.001 |
| Glycine | 21.8 | 23.8 | 25.5 | 26.7 | 1.67 (0.16) | <0.001 |
| Histidine | 18.7 | 20.0 | 21.4 | 22.3 | 1.27 (0.16) | <0.001 |
| Leucine | 21.4 | 22.5 | 23.8 | 24.8 | 1.18 (0.15) | <0.001 |
| Isoleucine | 20.3 | 20.9 | 22.3 | 23.2 | 1.04 (0.17) | <0.001 |
| Valine | 21.0 | 21.9 | 23.1 | 24.0 | 1.05 (0.14) | <0.001 |
| Threonine | 19.4 | 20.6 | 22.0 | 23.1 | 1.30 (0.16) | <0.001 |
| Methionine | 20.3 | 21.1 | 22.4 | 23.1 | 1.00 (0.14) | <0.001 |
| Serine | 20.4 | 21.7 | 23.0 | 23.7 | 1.18 (0.15) | <0.001 |
| Phenylalanine | 22.9 | 23.4 | 24.5 | 25.1 | 0.82 (0.13) | <0.001 |
| Tyrosine | 21.8 | 22.5 | 23.6 | 24.3 | 0.88 (0.13) | <0.001 |
| Lysine | 19.0 | 20.2 | 21.0 | 21.7 | 0.90 (0.13) | <0.001 |
| Tryptophan | 21.4 | 21.9 | 22.9 | 23.8 | 0.83 (0.13) | <0.001 |
| Arginine | 18.4 | 19.1 | 19.8 | 20.4 | 0.68 (0.13) | <0.001 |
| Asparagine | 17.2 | 18.8 | 19.6 | 20.3 | 0.97 (0.15) | <0.001 |
| Glutamine | 20.8 | 21.7 | 22.5 | 23.5 | 0.87 (0.17) | <0.001 |
| Taurine | 16.2 | 18.7 | 19.2 | 19.1 | 0.90 (0.15) | <0.001 |
| Ornithine | 17.0 | 17.3 | 17.8 | 20.0 | 0.86 (0.18) | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrates/Sugars | ||||||
| Lactate | 23.7 | 25.4 | 27.0 | 27.9 | 1.49 (0.15) | <0.001 |
| Mannose-6-phosphate | 14.4 | 15.4 | 17.4 | 17.8 | 1.34 (0.18) | <0.001 |
| N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate | 14.8 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 17.3 | 0.95 (0.13) | <0.001 |
| Isobar: ribulose 5-phosphate, xylulose 5-phosphate | 15.2 | 15.4 | 16.9 | 16.7 | 0.76 (0.19) | <0.001 |
| Fructose-6-phosphate | 15.1 | 16.6 | 18.2 | 18.7 | 1.31 (0.17) | <0.001 |
| N-acetylneuraminate | 15.8 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 18.5 | 0.98 (0.16) | <0.001 |
| Glucose-6-phosphate | 15.9 | 18.2 | 19.9 | 20.5 | 1.58 (0.21) | <0.001 |
| Erythronate | 14.5 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 18.8 | 1.43 (0.19) | <0.001 |
| UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine | 16.0 | 18.9 | 20.9 | 21.3 | 1.87 (0.30) | <0.001 |
| Glucose | 22.4 | 20.8 | 19.5 | 20.5 | -0.84 (0.27) | 0.004 |
| Glycerate | 15.8 | 15.9 | 16.4 | 17.4 | 0.51 (0.11) | <0.001 |
| Xylitol | 17.6 | 17.8 | 16.9 | 18.1 | -0.11 (0.19) | 0.564 |
| Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate | 14.1 | 13.2 | 14.2 | 14.1 | 0.23 (0.21) | 0.273 |
| Maltose | 16.7 | 17.0 | 17.9 | 19.4 | 0.87 (0.23) | <0.001 |
| 1,5-anhydroglucitol | 17.7 | 17.7 | 18.5 | 18.7 | 0.41 (0.20) | 0.040 |
| Sorbitol | 16.8 | 18.0 | 17.3 | 19.0 | 0.38 (0.23) | 0.099 |
| Fructose | 17.6 | 16.2 | 16.6 | 18.6 | 0.29 (0.22) | 0.204 |
| 3-phosphoglycerate | 16.2 | 16.7 | 17.2 | 18.0 | 0.57 (0.18) | 0.004 |
| Mannose | 16.8 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 18.1 | 0.20 (0.19) | 0.309 |
| Mannitol | 17.6 | 18.5 | 18.7 | 20.9 | 0.85 (0.27) | 0.003 |
| N-acetylmannosamine | 17.1 | 18.0 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 0.13 (0.19) | 0.485 |
| Pyruvate | 17.3 | 18.0 | 17.9 | 16.6 | -0.15 (0.17) | 0.391 |
| Phosphoenolpyruvate | 15.5 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.8 | 0.13 (0.13) | 0.636 |
| Nucleic Acids | ||||||
| Uracil | 14.9 | 18.1 | 20.2 | 21.5 | 2.21 (0.20) | <0.001 |
| Guanine | 15.4 | 18.2 | 20.3 | 18.3 | 1.32 (0.28) | <0.001 |
| Adenine | 17.6 | 17.6 | 16.0 | 16.6 | -0.64 (0.23) | 0.010 |
| Thymine | 17.6 | 18.0 | 17.1 | 16.9 | -0.38 (0.20) | 0.059 |
| TCA Cycle | ||||||
| Phosphate | 24.2 | 25.6 | 27.1 | 28.1 | 1.35 (0.10) | <0.001 |
| Fumarate | 15.3 | 16.9 | 18.8 | 19.1 | 1.44 (0.14) | <0.001 |
| Malate | 16.4 | 18.5 | 20.5 | 21.0 | 1.66 (0.17) | <0.001 |
| Alpha-ketoglutarate | 13.9 | 14.0 | 14.7 | 19.7 | 1.56 (0.26) | <0.001 |
| Citrate | 18.6 | 17.9 | 17.4 | 17.8 | -0.35 (0.19) | 0.082 |
| Pyrophosphate (PPi) | 18.9 | 19.9 | 20.1 | 20.4 | 0.47 (0.11) | <0.001 |
| Succinate | 15.7 | 15.8 | 16.1 | 18.0 | 0.016 (0.25) | 0.016 |
§
Data are reported as mean normalized median centered metabolite levels
*
β-value (Standard Error) corresponding to linear regression of metabolite level on an ordinal variable equal to 1 for normal, 2 for Cluster 1, 3 for Cluster 2, and 4 for metastases.
**
P trend column indicates statistical significance of the β-value.