Table 6.
Pairwise comparisons in Experiment 2 (using Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons; the mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level): (A) compared are the ratings for each voice quality, for the three loudness series (Q, M, and L) and (B) compared are the ratings for different voice quality within each series.
| A | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-I | B-I | I-F | R-S | S-H | S-F | |||
| Sig. | Sig. | Sig. | Sig. | Sig. | Sig. | |||
| Whispery | Q vs. M | 0.20 | *** | 0.97 | 0.97 | *** | 0.19 | |
| Q vs. L | * | *** | * | * | *** | * | ||
| M vs. L | 0.27 | *** | 0.05 | 0.05 | *** | 0.27 | ||
| Breathy | Q vs. M | 0.43 | * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | * | |
| Q vs. L | 0.06 | *** | 1.000 | 0.30 | * | 0.06 | ||
| M vs. L | 0.09 | *** | * | * | *** | 0.40 | ||
| Lax-creaky | Q vs. M | 0.63 | 0.112 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.14 | 0.18 | |
| Q vs. L | 0.58 | * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.25 | 0.06 | ||
| M vs. L | 1.000 | 0.449 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.78 | 0.12 | ||
| Modal | Q vs. M | 0.06 | * | 0.65 | 0.65 | * | *** | |
| Q vs. L | *** | *** | *** | *** | * | |||
| M vs. L | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | 0.39 | ||
| Tense | Q vs. M | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.24 | ** | *** | |
| Q vs. L | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | * | ||
| M vs. L | *** | ** | *** | *** | 0.43 | 0.37 | ||
| B | ||||||||
| A-I | B-I | I-F | R-S | S-H | S-F | |||
| Sig. | Sig. | Sig. | Sig. | Sig. | Sig. | |||
| Series Q | Whispery | Breathy | 0.07 | 1.000 | * | 1.000 | *** | *** |
| Lax-creaky | 1.000 | *** | 1.000 | * | 1.000 | * | ||
| Modal | *** | 1.000 | *** | *** | *** | 0.31 | ||
| Tense | *** | 0.23 | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | ||
| Breathy | Lax-creaky | 1.000 | *** | * | ** | 0.14 | 0.81 | |
| Modal | *** | 0.28 | *** | *** | * | 1.000 | ||
| Tense | *** | 0.09 | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | ||
| Lax-creaky | Modal | * | *** | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | |
| Tense | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | ||
| Modal | Tense | *** | 0.08 | *** | *** | * | 1.000 | |
| Series M | Whispery | Breathy | 0.13 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | *** |
| Lax-creaky | 0.77 | *** | 1.000 | *** | 0.81 | * | ||
| Modal | *** | 1.000 | *** | *** | *** | 0.09 | ||
| Tense | *** | 0.48 | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | ||
| Breathy | Lax-creaky | 1.000 | *** | 0.132 | *** | 0.64 | 0.76 | |
| Modal | *** | 0.29 | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | ||
| Tense | *** | 0.14 | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | ||
| Lax-creaky | Modal | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | |
| Tense | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | ||
| Modal | Tense | *** | 0.24 | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | |
| Series L | Whispery | Breathy | * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | * |
| Lax-creaky | 1.000 | *** | 0.051 | *** | 0.20 | * | ||
| Modal | *** | 1.000 | *** | *** | * | 0.89 | ||
| Tense | *** | 1.000 | *** | *** | * | 1.000 | ||
| Breathy | Lax-creaky | 1.000 | *** | *** | *** | 0.15 | 1.000 | |
| Modal | *** | 1.000 | *** | *** | * | 1.000 | ||
| Tense | *** | 1.000 | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | ||
| Lax-creaky | Modal | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | |
| Tense | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | 1.000 | ||
| Modal | Tense | *** | 1.000 | *** | *** | 0.63 | 0.62 | |
The abbreviations in the first row are as follows: A-I, apologetic-indignant; B-I, bored-interested; I-F, intimate–formal; R-S, relaxed-stressed; S-H, sad-happy; S-F, scared-fearless.
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001.