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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Trauma Stress. 2013 Jan 14;26(1):45–55. doi: 10.1002/jts.21767

Table 2.

Weighted Percent Positive for Current Psychiatric Disorders and Suicidal Ideation as a Function of Time and Type of Exposure

1 Year After 9/11
4 Years After 9/11
Disorder/symptom Total (N = 444) Direct exposure (n = 96) Loss exposure (n = 77) Indirect exposure (n = 271) Total (N = 444) Direct exposure (n = 96) Loss exposure (n = 77) Indirect exposure (n = 271) χ 2
PTSD 10 4 17 10 4 4 10 3
 Time 11.1***
 Exposure type 8.4*
 Time × Exposure Type 2.9
MDD 22 16 33 20 18 18 27 15
 Time 2.9
 Exposure type 8.6*
 Time × Exposure Type 3.0
GAD 13 10 22 11 9 9 14 8
 Time 3.8
 Exposure type 5.3
 Time × Exposure Type 0.4
AUD/DUD 11 20 15 6 11 10 17 10
 Time 3.6
 Exposure type 2.4
 Time × Exposure Type 8.6*
Panic disorder 4 6 5 3 5 5 8 4
 Time 1.3
 Exposure type 2.6
 Time × Exposure Type 1.3
Suicidal ideation 5 4 9 4 16 11 29 15
 Time 32.6***
 Exposure type 6.7*
 Time × Exposure Type 0.2

Note. Overall unweighted N = 444. All data are weighted.

PTSD = Posttraumatic stress disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; AUD/DUD = alcohol or drug use disorder.

All effects are adjusted for gender, education, the number of days between 9/11 and the baseline interview, and the number of days between 9/11 and the follow-up interview.

*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.

***

p < .001.