Table 1.
Characteristic | Cases (n=143) | Controls (n=429) | P |
---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 65.4 (8.1) | 65.3 (8.1) | Matched |
Smoking status, n (%) | |||
Current | 32 (22) | 90 (21) | |
Past | 78 (55) | 242 (56) | Matched |
Never | 23 (16) | 82 (19) | |
Total adiponectin, μg/mL | 4.1 (3.2-5.5) | 5.4 (3.8-7.5) | <0.001 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 41.7 (11.5) | 48.5 (14.2) | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 139.2 (34.8) | 131.4 (33.3) | 0.04 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 143 (105-195) | 115 (80-165) | 0.001 |
Hemoglobin A1c*, % | 5.56 (5.34-5.96) | 5.41 (5.24-5.59) | <0.001 |
C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 2.24 (1.18-3.52) | 1.18 (0.51-2.26) | 0.02 |
Cystatin C, mg/dL | 1.04 (0.91-1.22) | 0.96 (0.86-1.07) | <0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.89 (0.80-1.02) | 0.87 (0.78-0.96) | 0.04 |
eGFR, mL·min−1·1.73 m−2 ** | 86.8 (74.3-96.4) | 89.9 (82.3-96.3) | 0.02 |
Gamma-glutamyltransferase, U/L | 27 (20-36) | 23.0 (17-31) | 0.15 |
Pack-years of smoking, y | 26 (5-45) | 18 (1-35) | <0.001 |
History of diabetes, n (%) | 28 (20) | 16 (4) | <0.001 |
History of hypertension, n (%) | 70 (49) | 130 (30) | <0.001 |
History of hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 82 (57) | 187 (44) | 0.005 |
Parental history of myocardial infarction before age 60 y, n (%) |
22 (15) | 44 (10) | 0.09 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.8 (3.3) | 25.6 (4.4) | 0.48 |
Physical activity, MET-h/wk | 22.7 (8.0-43.8) | 27.4 (10.3-52.8) | 0.003 |
Alcohol consumption, g/day | 7.6 (0.9-17.8) | 9.8 (1.8-20.3) | 0.55 |
Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range) or number (percentage). P values are derived from generalized linear mixed models for continuous variables and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests for categorical variables controlling for matched sets. Age, smoking status, fasting status and month of blood sampling were matching variables. Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MET-h, metabolic equivalent task-hours.
Data was missing for one case and four controls.
eGFR was calculated according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.