Table 1.
Demographic, clinical variables and behavior performance of bipolar disorder patients currently euthymic (BDe) versus healthy control participants (HC)
| BDe (n=27) | HC (n=27) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (S.D.) | 31.67 (8.47) | 32.4 (6.52) | 0.72 |
| Gender, n | |||
| Male | 10 | 10 | 1.00 |
| Female | 17 | 17 | 1.00 |
| Age of illness onset (years), mean (S.D.) | 18.11 (6.12) | N.A. (–) | – |
| Illness duration (years), mean (S.D.) | 13.55 (7.72) | N.A. (–) | – |
| HAMD-25, mean (S.D.) | 6.04 (4.5) | 3.91 (4.19) | <0.001* |
| YMRS, mean (S.D.) | 2.15 (2.41) | 1.35 (2.05) | 0.003* |
| STAI, mean (S.D.) | 30.2 (9.17) | 25.8 (6.5) | 0.04* |
| Lifetime presence of co-morbid: | |||
| Anxiety disorder, mean (S.D.) | 23.6 (–) | 0 (N.A.) | – |
| Substance abuse/dependence, mean (S.D.) | 25.5 (–) | 0 (N.A.) | – |
| Antidepressant (On/Off), mean (S.D.) | 0.41 (0.5) | 0 (N.A.) | – |
| Antipsychotic (On/Off), mean (S.D.) | 0.44 (0.22) | 0 (N.A.) | – |
| Mood stabilizer (On/Off), mean (S.D.) | 0.74 (0.37) | 0 (N.A.) | – |
| Anxiolytic (On/Off), mean (S.D.) | 0.11 (0.06) | 0 (N.A.) | – |
| Color labeling accuracy – all faces (emotion and identity), % (n) | 94.6 (8.07) | 95.9 (3.21) | 0.47 |
| Reaction time – all faces (ms), mean (S.D.) | 961.11 (118.6) | 948.56 (135.38) | 0.72 |
| Color labeling accuracy – all emotion faces, % (n) | 94.0 (7.78) | 97.0 (2.76) | 0.07 |
| Reaction time – all emotion faces (ms), mean (S.D.) | 949.5 (136.7) | 955.3 (117.4) | 0.87 |
| Color labeling accuracy – identity faces, % (n) | 94.3 (10.35) | 95.0 (4.35) | 0.73 |
| Reaction time – identity faces (ms), mean (S.D.) | 965.37 (134.15) | 959.08 (122.67) | 0.85 |
HAMD-25, 25-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; STAI, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory; S.D., standard deviation; N.A., not applicable.
*
p<0.05.