Fig 1.

Schematic representation of the signaling network of BceRS/BceAB-like sensory and resistance modules of L. casei BL23. TCS and ABC transporters are colored according to their phylogenetic group assignment under the classification system of Dintner et al. (17) (n.a., no group assigned). Unrelated genes present in the operons are shown as white arrows. Sequences of putative response regulator binding sites upstream of OrATP and ATP09 are shown; the 7-bp inverted repeats are highlighted in capital letters. Nisin is shown as a substrate interacting with the permeases. Putative transport of nisin by the permeases is shown by green double-headed dotted arrows. Signal transfer between TCS09 and ABC09 and between TCS12 and ABC12 is indicated in the membrane bilayer. Putative phosphotransfer between the histidine kinases and response regulators is shown by black dotted arrows. Transcriptional activation is shown by black arrows; additional target genes for module 12 are listed. P, A, R, and H stand for permease, ATPase, response regulator, and histidine kinase, respectively.