Table 1.
Pre-Treatment Characteristics by CT Completer and Non-Completer
| Variable | Total (n = 523) |
CT Non- Completer (n = 113)a |
CT Completer (n = 410)b |
Test Statistic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 170 (32.5) | 36 (31.9) | 134 (32.7) | χ2=0.03, |
| Female | 353 (67.5) | 77 (68.1) | 276 (67.3) | p = .87 |
| White Race, n (%) | ||||
| White | 423 (80.9) | 70 (61.9) | 353 (86.1) | χ2=33.40, |
| Non-White | 100 (19.1) | 43 (38.1) | 57 (13.9) | p < .001 |
| Marital Status/Living Condition, n (%) | ||||
| Living Alone | 304 (57.1) | 69 (69.1) | 235 (57.3) | χ2=0.51, |
| Partneredc | 219 (41.9) | 44 (38.9) | 175 (42.7) | p = .48 |
| Employment Status, n (%) | ||||
| Works for pay | 372 (71.1) | 65 (57.5) | 307 (74.9) | χ2=12.99, |
| Do not work | 151 (28.9) | 48 (42.5) | 103 (25.1) | p < .001 |
| Age at study entry in years, mean (SD) | 42.4 (12.1) | 38.9 (12.0) | 43.3 (12.0) | F1,521=12.1 6, p < .001 |
| Education in years, mean (SD) | 15.1 (2.9) | 13.9 (3.0) | 15.4 (2.8) | F1,521=25.0 4, p < .001 |
| Illness Characteristics | ||||
| Current Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 228 (43.6) | 57 (50.4) | 171 (41.7) | χ2=2.75, |
| No | 295 (56.4) | 56 (49.6) | 239 (58.3) | p = .10 |
| Lifetime Comorbidity | ||||
| Yes | 400 (76.5) | 93 (82.3) | 307 (74.9) | χ2=2.71, |
| No | 123 (23.5) | 20 (17.7) | 103 (25.1) | p = .10 |
| Primary versus Secondary Depression, n (%) | ||||
| Primary | 431 (82.7) | 85 (75.9) | 346 (84.6) | χ2=4.66, |
| Secondary | 90 (17.3) | 27 (24.1) | 63 (15.4) | p = .03 |
| Double Depressiond | ||||
| Yes | 27 (5.2) | 6 (5.3) | 21 (5.1) | χ2=0.01, |
| No | 496 (94.8) | 107 (94.7) | 389 (94.9) | p = .94 |
| DSM-IV Melancholia, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 187 (36.0) | 37 (32.7) | 150 (36.9) | χ2=0.65, |
| No | 333 (64.0) | 76 (67.3) | 257 (63.1) | p = .42 |
| RDC Endogenous Definite, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 201 (38.9) | 51 (45.9) | 150 (36.9) | χ2=2.97, |
| No | 316 (61.1) | 60 (54.1) | 256 (63.1) | p = .09 |
| Positive Family Type of Depressione, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 329 (71.5) | 66 (70.2) | 263 (71.9) | χ2=0.10, |
| No | 131 (28.5) | 28 (29.8) | 103 (28.1) | p = .75 |
| Number of Lifetime Episodes | ||||
| Less than 3 episodes | 118 (22.6) | 29 (25.7) | 89 (21.7) | χ2=0.79, |
| At least 3 episodes | 405 (77.4) | 84 (74.3) | 321 (78.3) | p = .37 |
| Pre-Treatment HRSD17, mean (SD) | 20.4 (4.0) | 21.2 (4.1) | 20.2 (4.0) | F1,521=6.25, p = .01 |
| Length of Illness in years, mean (SD) | 20.7 (11.8) | 18.0 (11.3) | 21.5 (11.9) | F1,521=7.96, p = .01 |
| Length of Current Episode in months, mean | 25.0 (45.1) | 23.4 (41.9) | 25.4 (46.0) | F1,521=0.17, (SD) p = .68 |
| Age of Onset, mean (SD) | 21.2 (10.8) | 20.4 (10.8) | 21.4 (10.8) | F1,521=0.65, p = .42 |
|
| ||||
| Cognitive and Interpersonal | ||||
| ASQ Stable Score, mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.9) | 1.23 (0.8) | 1.14 (0.9) | F1,484=0.93, p = .34 |
| ASQ Global Score, mean (SD) | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.12 (1.0) | 1.16 (1.0) | F1,482=0.13, p = .721 |
| DAS - A total score, mean (SD) | 150.6 (35.3) |
152.62 (36.8) |
150.10 (34.9) |
F1,494=0.40, p = .53 |
| IIP Mean Score, mean (SD) | 1.7 (0.5) | 1.63 (0.5) | 1.67 (0.5) | F1,510=0.45, p = .50 |
| SAS-SR Total Score, mean (SD) | 2.6 (0.4) | 2.66 (0.5) | 2.57 (0.4) | F1,506=3.93, p = .05 |
Note. CT = Cognitive Therapy; n = Number; SD = Standard Deviation; HRSD17 = Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; RDC = Research Diagnostic Criteria; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Edition; ASQ = Attributional Style Questionnaire; DAS = Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale; IIP = Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; SAS-SR = Social Adjustment Scale –Self Report.
n reduced to 112 for primary versus secondary depression, 111 for RDC endogenous definite, 94 for positive family type, 93 for ASQ, 99 for DAS - A, 106 for IIP, and 103 for SAS-SR due to missing data.
n reduced to 409 for primary versus secondary depression, 407 for DSM-IV melancholia, 406 for RDC endogenous definite, 366 for positive family type, 391 for ASQ, 397 for DAS - A, 406 for IIP, and 405 for SAS-SR due to missing data.
Partnered refers to patients who are married or are living with a partner.
Double depression refers to major depressive disorder with dysthymia.
Positive family history refers to the presence of a mood disorder, alcohol or drug abuse, or sociopathy.