Table 4.
Odds ratios of being in a subsequent healthy condition by sleep quality and sleeping duration, CLHLS 2005–2008.
| Sleep quality
|
Sleep hours (8 h is the reference category)
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor vs. good | Fair vs. good | ≤5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | ≥10 | |
| Total | |||||||
| Model I | 0.63*** (0.51, 0.77) | 0.72*** (0.63, 0.83) | 0.66*** (0.54, 0.80) | 0.93 (0.78, 1.12) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.14) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) | 0.78** (0.66, 0.93) |
| Model II | 0.67*** (0.55, 0.82) | 0.75*** (0.65, 0.86) | 0.69*** (0.56, 0.84) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.14) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) | 0.99 (0.79, 1.23) | 0.79** (0.66, 0.94) |
| Model III | 0.98 (0.80, 1.22) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.06) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.12) | 1.07 (0.89, 1.29) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) | 0.99 (0.79, 1.23) | 0.90 (0.75, 1.07) |
| Women | |||||||
| Model I | 0.82 (0.64, 1.06) | 0.79* (0.65, 0.97) | 0.67** (0.51, 0.88) | 0.84 (0.65, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.78, 1.29) | 0.70* (0.49, 0.99) | 0.68** (0.52, 0.89) |
| Model II | 0.86 (0.67, 1.11) | 0.82 (0.67, 1.00) | 0.70* (0.53, 0.92) | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) | 1.04 (0.81, 1.35) | 0.70* (0.49, 0.99) | 0.69* (0.53, 0.91) |
| Model III | 1.26 (0.97, 1.64) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.23) | 0.94 (0.70, 1.25) | 1.02 (0.78, 1.32) | 1.11 (0.86, 1.42) | 0.74 (0.52, 1.05) | 0.78 (0.60, 1.02) |
| Men | |||||||
| Model I | 0.41*** (0.29, 0.57) | 0.67*** (0.55, 0.81) | 0.63** (0.47, 0.83) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.30) | 0.91 (0.72, 1.15) | 1.27 (0.96, 1.69) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.10) |
| Model II | 0.45*** (0.32, 0.63) | 0.69*** (0.57, 0.84) | 0.65** (0.49, 0.87) | 1.05 (0.82, 1.34) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.16) | 1.26 (0.95, 1.68) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.11) |
| Model III | 0.65* (0.46, 0.93) | 0.84 (0.68, 1.03) | 0.85 (0.63, 1.15) | 1.13 (0.88, 1.46) | 0.94 (0.74, 1.19) | 1.21 (0.91, 1.62) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.27) |
| Ages 65–79 | |||||||
| Model I | 0.58*** (0.46, 0.72) | 0.72*** (0.61, 0.85) | 0.59*** (0.47, 0.75) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.13) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.31) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.24) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.07) |
| Model II | 0.62*** (0.49, 0.78) | 0.74** (0.63, 0.88) | 0.62*** (0.49, 0.79) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.17) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.34) | 0.95 (0.73, 1.26) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.07) |
| Model III | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) | 0.90 (0.75, 1.07) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.04) | 1.03 (0.83, 1.28) | 1.13 (0.92, 1.40) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.22) | 0.96 (0.76, 1.21) |
| Ages 80+ | |||||||
| Model I | 0.77 (0.53, 1.11) | 0.72** (0.56, 0.92) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.15) | 0.97 (0.70, 1.32) | 0.69* (0.59, 0.98) | 1.08 (0.74, 1.57) | 0.70* (0.52, 0.93) |
| Model II | 0.82 (0.57, 1.19) | 0.74* (0.58, 0.96) | 0.84 (0.59, 1.18) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.35) | 0.70* (0.49, 0.99) | 1.09 (0.75, 1.59) | 0.70* (0.53, 0.94) |
| Model III | 1.23 (0.84, 1.82) | 0.94 (0.73, 1.22) | 1.19 (0.83, 1.70) | 1.18 (0.86, 1.63) | 0.73 (0.52, 1.05) | 1.14 (0.78, 1.67) | 0.82 (0.61, 1.10) |
Note: (1) Numbers in the parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. (2) Health condition in 2008 is defined by the lowest quartile of DI. (3) Model I controls for demographic variables (age, ethnicity, urban–rural residence, and geographic region). Model II further controls for SES, family/social support, and health practices. Model III additionally adjusts for health condition in 2005. (4) Odds ratios for all covariates are not presented due to space limitations, but are available upon request from authors. (5).
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.