Table 1.

Biological anti-VEGF agents: currently approved and/or under phase III evaluation

Agent	What it is	What it binds/inhibits	Rationale for use as an antiangiogenic agent?	Approved indications (potential indications)
Bevacizumab	Humanized monoclonal antibody	VEGF-A	Inhibition of VEGF-A will prevent pathological angiogenesis by inhibiting its interaction with VEGFR-2	mCRC, glioblastoma, NSCLC, RCC
Aflibercept	Soluble decoy receptor	VEGF-A VEGF-B PlGF	Targeting multiple VEGF ligands will allow for a broader inhibition of proangiogenic processes and inhibit possible resistance mechanisms	mCRC (melanoma, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, NSCLC)
Regorafenib	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor	VEGFR-1, -2, -3 PDGFR c-kit FGFR	Inhibition of VEGFR tyrosine kinase activity to prevent pathological angiogenesis in tumors	mCRC (RCC, breast cancer)
Ramucirumab	Fully human monoclonal antibody	VEGFR-2 extracellular domain	Inhibition of signaling by VEGFR-2 (receptor for VEGF-A) will prevent pathological angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF-A activity	Currently investigational (mCRC, breast cancer, NSCLC)

Abbreviations: FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; mCRC, metastatic colorectal cancer; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PlGF, placental growth factor; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.