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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mov Disord. 2012 Jun 12;27(8):947–957. doi: 10.1002/mds.25028

TABLE 1.

Difficulties in developing neuroprotective strategies against Parkinson’s disease

  1. Multifactorial etiology, including genetic and environmental factors

  2. Variability in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

  3. Lack of an early biomarker

  4. Animal models only partially mimic Parkinson’s disease with respect to etiology, pathology and behavioral measures

  5. Discrepancies in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between the animal models and Parkinson’s disease