TABLE 2.

Neuroprotection trials for Parkinson’s disease

Drug/compound	ClinicalTrials. gov #	Purpose	Mechanisms of action	Status	Outcome
Green Tea Polyphenol	NCT00461942	Delay disease progression	Antioxidant	Completed March 2009	No Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov
Minocycline	NCT00063193	Delay disease progression	Anti-inflammatory	Completed July 2005	No Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov
Coenzyme Q10	NCT00740714	Neuroprotection	Modulates mitochondrial function	Completed Aug 2011	No efficacy over placebo
Isradipine	NCT00753636	Delay disease progression	Calcium channel blocker	Completed Feb 2010	No significant change in UPDRS
GPI 1485	NCT00076492	Neuroprotection	Immunophilin compound	Completed	No Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov
Erythropoietin	NCT01010802	Safety and tolerability for neuroprotection	Trophic factor	Completed May 2009	No Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov
Rasagiline	NCT00256204	Delay disease progression	Monoamine oxidase inhibitor	Completed June 2009	Delayed need for symptomatic antiparkinsonian drugs 57
MitoQ	NCT00329056	Delay disease progression	Antioxidant	Completed Nov 2007	No Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov
Folic acid and L-methylfolate	NCT00853879	Delay disease progression	Decrease homocysteine levels	Completed	No Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov
GM1 Ganglioside	NCT00037830	Neuroprotection	Improves lipid function	Ongoing
Creatine	NCT00449865	Neuroprotection	Modulates mitochondrial function	Ongoing
Inosine	NCT00833690	Safety and tolerability for neuroprotection	Urate elevation	Ongoing/recruiting
Bee venom	NCT01341431	Symptomatic & neuroprotective	Not known	Ongoing
Deep brain stimulation	NCT00282152	Safety and tolerability	Not known	Ongoing
VIUSID/ALZER	NCT01016470	Delay disease progression	Antiviral/anti-oxidant	Ongoing
Nicotine	NCT00873392	Neuroprotection	Acts at nicotinic receptors	Recruiting
Nicotine	MJFF clinical trial	Neuroprotection	Acts at nicotinic receptors	Recruiting
Deferiprone	NCT00943748	Neuroprotection	Iron chelator	Recruiting
Exendin-4	NCT01174810	Disease-modifying	Antidiabetic	Recruiting
Granulocyte-colony Stimulating Factor	NCT01227681	Neuroprotection	Trophic factor	Recruiting
Pioglitazone	NCT01280123	Neuroprotection	Antidiabetic	Recruiting
Glutathione	NCT01398748	Safety and tolerability for subsequent neuroprotection	Modulates mitochondrial function	Recruiting
Preladenant	NCT01155479	Safety and efficacy	Adenosine A2a antagonist	Recruiting
Autologous Adipose-derived stromal cells	NCT01453803	Improve disease pathology	Cell protection, repair and restoration	Recruiting
Safinamide	NCT01028586	Delay disease progression	MAO-B and glutamate release inhibitor	Recruiting
N-Acetylcysteine	NCT01470027	Neuroprotection	Antioxidant	Not yet recruiting