Table 1.
Covariate exposure before date of prostate cancer diagnosis for cases and matched controls, according to date of diagnosis for index case
| Gleason score of cancer | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 2-6 | 7 | 8-10 | ||||||||
| Cases (n=26 735) | Controls (n=133 671) | Cases (n=11 985) | Controls (n=59 838) | Cases (n=9285) | Controls (n=46 425) | Cases (n=5482) | Controls (n=27 408) | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 69.3 (9.1) | 69.3 (9.1) | 66.6 (8.2) | 66.6 (8.2) | 70.0 (8.9) | 70.0 (8.9) | 74.0 (9.1) | 74.0 (9.1) | |||
| 5-ARI | |||||||||||
| No treatment | 25 236 (94.4) | 127 355 (95.3) | 11 357 (94.9) | 57 619 (96.3) | 8809 (94.9) | 44 156 (95.1) | 5070 (92.5) | 25 580 (93.3) | |||
| Treatment received (exposure period) | |||||||||||
| Combined* | 1499 (5.6) | 6316 (4.7) | 611 (5.1) | 2219 (3.7) | 476 (5.1) | 2269 (4.9) | 412 (7.5) | 1828 (6.7) | |||
| 0-1 year | 950 (3.6) | 3548 (2.7) | 447 (3.7) | 1325 (2.2) | 293 (3.2) | 1249 (2.7) | 210 (3.8) | 974 (3.6) | |||
| 1-2 years | 304 (1.1) | 1443 (1.1) | 105 (0.9) | 491 (0.8) | 92 (1.0) | 510 (1.1) | 107 (2.0) | 442 (1.6) | |||
| 2-3 years | 151 (0.6) | 791 (0.6) | 47 (0.4) | 233 (0.4) | 52 (0.6) | 304 (0.7) | 52 (0.9) | 254 (0.9) | |||
| >3 years | 94 (0.4) | 534 (0.4) | 12 (0.1) | 170 (0.3) | 39 (0.4) | 206 (0.4) | 43 (0.8) | 158 (0.6) | |||
| α blockers | |||||||||||
| No treatment | 24 321 (91.0) | 125 649 (94.0) | 10 734 (89.7) | 56 655 (94.7) | 8545 (92.0) | 43 535 (93.8) | 5042 (92.0) | 25 459 (92.9) | |||
| Treatment received | 2414 (9.0) | 8022 (6.0) | 1234 (10.3) | 3183 (5.3) | 740 (8.0) | 2890 (6.2) | 440 (8.0) | 1949 (7.1) | |||
| Previous prostate biopsy† | |||||||||||
| No previous biopsy | 24 284 (90.8) | 130 423 (97.6) | 10 568 (88.3) | 58 463 (97.7) | 8572 (92.3) | 45 308 (97.6) | 5144 (93.8) | 26 652 (97.2) | |||
| Previous biopsy undertaken‡ | |||||||||||
| 1 biopsy, <2 years | 921 (3.4) | 880 (0.7) | 571 (4.8) | 415 (0.7) | 250 (2.7) | 288 (0.6) | 100 (1.8) | 177 (0.6) | |||
| 1 biopsy, ≥2 years | 732 (2.7) | 1610 (1.2) | 375 (3.1) | 645 (1.1) | 223 (2.4) | 562 (1.2) | 134 (2.4) | 403 (1.5) | |||
| ≥2 biopsies, <4 years | 497 (1.9) | 370 (0.3) | 297 (2.5) | 167 (0.3) | 142 (1.5) | 121 (0.3) | 58 (1.1) | 82 (0.3) | |||
| ≥2 biopsies, ≥4 years | 301 (1.1) | 388 (0.3) | 157 (1.3) | 148 (0.2) | 98 (1.1) | 146 (0.3) | 46 (0.8) | 94 (0.3) | |||
| Transurethral resection of the prostate | |||||||||||
| No resection | 25 742 (96.3) | 128 056 (95.8) | 11 603 (97.0) | 57 887 (96.7) | 8939 (96.3) | 44 399 (95.6) | 5200 (94.9) | 25 770 (94.0) | |||
| Resection conducted | 993 (3.7) | 5615 (4.2) | 365 (3.0) | 1951 (3.3) | 346 (3.7) | 2026 (4.4) | 282 (5.1) | 1638 (6.0) | |||
Data are number or number (%) of individuals unless stated otherwise.
*All exposure times combined.
†Prostate biopsy sessions performed before the diagnostic biopsy session for the case and corresponding date for the control.
‡Biopsies undertaken within specified period before diagnosis.