Table 3.
Risk of prostate cancer diagnosis in univariable analysis (men exposed to each factor v men not exposed)
| Risk of diagnosis, by Gleason score of cancer (odds ratio (95% CI)) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 2-6 | 7 | 8-10 | |
| 5-ARI | ||||
| No treatment (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Treatment received (exposure period) | ||||
| 0-1 year | 1.32 (1.23 to 1.41) | 1.40 (1.30 to 1.51) | 1.16 (1.03 to 1.31) | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.25) |
| 1-2 years | 1.06 (0.95 to 1.19) | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.15) | 0.91 (0.74 to 1.12) | 1.21 (0.99 to 1.47) |
| 2-3 years | 0.97 (0.83 to 1.14) | 0.94 (0.77 to 1.15) | 0.87 (0.66 to 1.15) | 1.04 (0.79 to 1.38) |
| >3 years | 0.90 (0.73 to 1.10) | 0.70 (0.53 to 0.93) | 0.95 (0.69 to 1.32) | 1.36 (0.99 to 1.85) |
| α blockers | ||||
| No treatment | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Treatment received | 1.50 (1.44 to 1.57) | 1.93 (1.81 to 2.05) | 1.28 (1.19 to 1.39) | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.25) |
| Previous prostate biopsy* | ||||
| No previous biopsy (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Previous biopsy undertaken† | ||||
| 1 biopsy, <2 years | 4.18 (3.91 to 4.47) | 5.19 (4.75 to 5.67) | 3.70 (3.24 to 4.22) | 2.66 (2.15 to 3.29) |
| 1 biopsy, ≥2 years | 2.24 (2.08 to 2.42) | 2.86 (2.57 to 3.18) | 1.98 (1.73 to 2.28) | 1.66 (1.39 to 1.99) |
| ≥2 biopsies, <4 years | 4.93 (4.50 to 5.40) | 6.04 (5.35 to 6.83) | 4.63 (3.88 to 5.53) | 3.10 (2.35 to 4.09) |
| ≥2 biopsies, ≥4 years | 3.41 (3.04 to 3.83) | 4.46 (3.78 to 5.27) | 3.07 (2.49 to 3.78) | 2.37 (1.74 to 3.22) |
| Transurethral resection of the prostate | ||||
| No resection (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Resection conducted | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.04) | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.96) | 0.86 (0.76 to 0.97) |
| Family status | ||||
| Married (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Single, with children | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.95) | 0.87 (0.83 to 0.91) | 0.97 (0.92 to 1.02) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01) |
| Single, no children | 0.75 (0.72 to 0.78) | 0.69 (0.64 to 0.74) | 0.75 (0.70 to 0.81) | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.96) |
| Highest attained level of education | ||||
| High (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Middle | 0.93 (0.90 to 0.96) | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.95) | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.98) | 0.97 (0.90 to 1.05) |
| Low or missing data | 0.86 (0.83 to 0.89) | 0.79 (0.75 to 0.83) | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.91) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||
| 0 (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 0.96 (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.00) | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | 1.05 (0.97 to 1.12) |
| 2 | 0.96 (0.92 to 1.00) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07) | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.13) |
| ≥3 | 0.83 (0.79 to 0.87) | 0.79 (0.73 to 0.86) | 0.75 (0.68 to 0.81) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.08) |
*Prostate biopsy sessions performed before the diagnostic biopsy session for the case and corresponding date for the control.
†Biopsies undertaken within specified period before diagnosis.