Table 3.
Univariable logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity in study districts
| Risk factors category | Na | Prevalence (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altitude |
Low land |
509 |
13.36 |
1.00 |
|
| |
Mid land |
346 |
46.24 |
5.58 (3.79, 8.22) |
<0.001 |
| |
High land |
275 |
46.91 |
5.73 (3.72, 8.82) |
<0.001 |
| Breed |
Afar |
506 |
13.44 |
1.00 |
|
| |
Arsi Bale |
242 |
44.81 |
5.23 (3.42, 8.00) |
<0.001 |
| |
Horro |
383 |
47.26 |
5.77 (3.89, 8.56) |
<0.001 |
| Sex |
Male |
211 |
19.43 |
1.00 |
|
| |
Female |
919 |
34.39 |
2.17 (1.49, 3.16) |
<0.001 |
| Age |
Young |
235 |
17.02 |
1.00 |
|
| |
Adult |
895 |
35.42 |
2.67 (1.86, 3.85) |
<0.001 |
| Flock Size |
Large (n ≥ 50) |
100 |
4.00 |
1.00 |
|
| |
Small (n < 50) |
1030 |
34.17 |
12.51(4.93, 31.78) |
<0.001 |
| Management type |
Extensive |
905 |
28.40 |
1.00 |
|
| |
SI |
225 |
44.44 |
2.02 (1.35, 3.01) |
0.001 |
| Residential place |
Rural |
853 |
30.01 |
1.00 |
|
| |
Urban |
277 |
36.46 |
1.34 (0.92, 1.95) |
0.129 |
| Source of water |
Mixedb |
81 |
6.17 |
1.00 |
|
| |
Stagnantc |
167 |
32.34 |
7.26 (2.42, 21.84) |
<0.001 |
| |
River |
825 |
33.33 |
7.6 (2.81, 20.57) |
<0.001 |
| |
Tap |
57 |
40.35 |
10.28 (2.96, 35.71) |
<0.001 |
| Grazing land |
Mixed |
353 |
22.38 |
1.00 |
|
| |
Plain area |
585 |
32.14 |
1.64 (1.06, 2.54) |
0.026 |
| |
Mountainous |
192 |
46.88 |
3.06 (1.82, 5.15) |
<0.001 |
| Presence of cats |
No |
539 |
27.64 |
1.00 |
|
| |
Yes |
591 |
35.19 |
1.42 (1.00, 2.02) |
0.051 |
| Presence of wild felids |
Yes |
804 |
27.99 |
1.00 |
|
| |
No |
326 |
40.49 |
1.75 (1.23, 2.48) |
0.002 |
| Farming system |
Pastoral |
195 |
7.18 |
1.00 |
|
| |
Agro-pastoral |
310 |
17.42 |
2.73 (1.40, 5.33) |
0.003 |
| Sedentary | 625 | 46.24 | 11.12 (5.99, 20.64) | <0.001 | |
a Total number of sheep tested, b mixed = river, well, lake, pond; Stagnant c = pond, well, lake.
Abbreviation: SI semi-intensive.
Factors associated with T. gondii seropositivity in study districts with their frequency (N), % Prevalence, crude odds ratio (cOR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in the univariable logistic regression analysis (using 1130 sheep sera from 3 districts and 227 flocks).