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Schematic fabrication process and top-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of AAM. (a) Schematic fabrication process of hexagonally ordered porous AAM. (b) Top-view SEM image of 1.5-μm-pitch Al concave structure after the removal of the first anodization layer. (c) Top-view SEM image of 1.5-μm-pitch AAM after the second anodization, with the cross-sectional view showing cone-shape opening in the inset.
