. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 18.

Published in final edited form as: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011 Nov 1;25(1):20–26. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.626923

Table I.

Maternal and Labor Characteristics

	Nulliparous				Multiparous

	PreDM	GDM	Normal	P-value	PreDM	GDM	Normal	P-value
Age (years+/−SD)	27.1 +/− 6.3	27.3 +/− 5.5	23.7 +/− 5.2	<0.0001	30.4 +/− 5.6	31.4 +/− 5.2	28.2 +/− 5.4	<0.0001

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²)	27.2	25.8	23.5	<0.0001	28.6	27.6	24.9	<0.0001

Admission BMI (kg/m²)	31.3	30.7	29.2	<0.0001	33.1	31.7	30.0	<0.0001

Tobacco use	6.8	5.9	5.2	NS	3.2	6.5	6.8	0.0438

Gestational age at delivery	38.7	38.7	39.1	<0.0001	38.6	38.6	39.1	<0.0001

Race				0.0001				<0.0001
Caucasian	36	52	53		25	48	51
African American	20	9	18		31	10	20
Hispanic	26	14	15		31	25	19
Other/unknown	18	25	13		13	18	10

Cervical dilatation on admission (cm)	3.7	3.8	4.0	NS	4.5	4.7	5.0	<0.0001

Effacement on admission (%)	77	86	85	<0.0001	74	82	83	<0.0001

Station on admission	−2.0	−2.0	−1.8	0.0206	−2.1	−2.1	−1.8	0.0003

Oxytocin augmentation	71	63	67	NS	62	53	55	NS

Epidural	33	83	75	0.0001	30	78	71	<0.0001

Operative vaginal delivery	6	14	12	NS	4	3	3	NS

Length of first stage of labor (hr)	5.1 (12.3)	4.6 (11.9)	4.7 (11.3)	0.7095	3.4 (8.9)	2.7 (8.4)	2.6 (7.8)	0.0001

Length of second stage of labor (hr)	0.9 (2.7)	1.2 (2.7)	1.0 (2.7)	0.0007	0.2 (0.8)	0.3 (1.1)	0.3 (1.0)	0.0171

Birth weight (grams+/−SD)	3211+/−391	3292+/−399	3275+/−397	NS	3437+/−496	3418+/−442	3369+/−420	<0.0001

Macrosomia				NS				<0.0001
Birth weight 4000 g+	0.85	4.7	3.74		9.9	7.8	6.6
Birth weight 4500 g+	0	0.21	0.23		2.3	1.2	0.6
Birth weight 5000 g+	0	0	0.02		0	0.3	0.04

Data presented in %, mean +/−SD, or medians (90^th percentile) unless otherwise noted. NS – not statistically significant at α=0.05.

PreDM – preexisting diabetes mellitus. GDM – gestational diabetes mellitus.