Figure 1.

Schematic representations of hypothetical plasmodesmata substructure. (A) Nano channel model proposed by Ding et al. (1992). (B) Cytoplasmic sleeve model proposed by Waigmann et al. (1997). (C,D) Cytoplasmic sleeve filled by polymer-meshwork hydrogel. Light gray—cell wall, black—plasma membrane, dark gray—proteins, green—desmotuble.