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. 2013 Jun 19;33(25):10405–10426. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0014-13.2013

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Repeated amphetamine produces frequency-dependent CPD and frequency-independent PPP. A, Paradigm for measuring the long-term effects of repeated amphetamine. Amphetamine-treated mice received saline injections on days 1, 2, 26, and 27 and amphetamine on days 3–7, 10, and 28, whereas saline-exposed mice received saline on those days. B, In saline-exposed mice, stimulation of the motor cortex at 1, 10, and 20 Hz produced a frequency-dependent increase in FM1-43 release, as reflected by a decrease in the destaining halftime (t½). Little FM1-43 destaining occurred when no stimulation was applied (NO STIM). C, Normal probability plot in which a straight line indicates a normally distributed population (Bamford et al., 2004b) shows the release kinetics of individual cortical terminals in slices from saline-exposed mice after cortical stimulation at 1, 10, and 20 Hz. D, Comparisons of the average halftimes of release in slices from saline-exposed mice stimulated at 1, 10, and 20 Hz with and without amphetamine in vitro. Amphetamine inhibited release at 10 and 20 Hz. For D, J, N, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, Mann–Whitney. E–G, Normal probability plots of destaining halftimes of individual cortical terminals in slices from saline-exposed mice show that bath-applied amphetamine reduces exocytosis from terminals with a low probability of release at 1 Hz (E), 10 Hz (F), and 20 Hz (G). H, FM1-43 destaining curves for stimulation frequencies of 1–20 Hz from amphetamine-treated mice on WD 50. I, FM1-43 release kinetics from individual terminals in slices from amphetamine-treated mice on WD 50 after cortical stimulation at 1, 10, and 20 Hz. J, Comparison of release halftimes after cortical stimulation at 1, 10, and 20 Hz in slices from saline and amphetamine-treated mice on WD 50. K–M, Comparison of release halftimes in slices from saline- and amphetamine-treated mice at 1 Hz (K), 10 Hz (L), and 20 Hz (M). N, Average halftimes of release in slices from amphetamine-treated mice on WD 50 after stimulation at 1, 10, and 20 Hz. Bath-applied amphetamine boosted FM1-43 release at all cortical stimulation frequencies. O–Q, Release kinetics from individual terminals in slices from amphetamine-treated mice on WD 50 with and without bath-applied amphetamine with stimulation frequencies of 1 Hz (O), 10 Hz (P), and 20 Hz (Q).