Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of patients in the SSA/PVSA group and controls.
| Variable | SSA/PVSA (n = 11) | Controls (n = 147) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Female sex | 8 (72.7%) | 66 (44.9%) | 0.095 |
| Age at surgery (yrs) | 40.18 | 33.44 | 0.049 |
| Duration of epilepsy (yrs) | 26.91 | 20.84 | 0.086 |
| Seizure characteristics | |||
| Daily seizures or worse | 2 (18.2%) | 38 (25.9%) | 0.649 |
| Early ictal symptoms suggestive of insular involvement | |||
| Epigastric symptoms | 6 (54.5%) | 54 (36.7%) | 0.280 |
| Motor symptoms | 4 (36.4%) | 16 (10.9%) | 0.022 |
| Auditory symptoms | 0 (0%) | 7 (4.8%) | 1.000 |
| Cephalic symptoms | 1 (9.1%) | 27 (18.4%) | 0.572 |
| Dysphasic symptoms | 0 (0%) | 7 (4.8%) | 1.000 |
| Generalized seizures | 7 (63.6%) | 94 (63.9%) | 1.000 |
| Status epilepticus | 1 (9.1%) | 6 (4.1%) | 0.296 |
| Number of AEDs tried | 5.00 | 4.36 (n = 144) | 0.280 |
| Left side | 5 (45.5%) | 91 (61.9%) | 0.292 |
| Etiology | |||
| History of CNS infection | 4 (36.4%) | 16 (10.9%) | 0.022 |
| History of head trauma | 0 (0%) | 12 (8.2%) | 1.000 |
| Family history | 1 (9.1%) | 32 (21.8%) | 0.406 |
| Febrile seizures | 1 (9.1%) | 33 (22.4%) | 0.405 |
| Perinatal complications | 1 (9.1%) | 9 (6.1%) | 0.374 |
| Developmental delay | 1 (9.1%) | 9 (6.1%) | 0.374 |
| imaging | |||
| Normal MRI | 0/10 (0%) | 15/104 (14.4%) | 0.301 |
| Hippocampal atrophy | 2/10 (20%) | 20/104 (19.2%) | 1.000 |
| Hippocampal atrophy and sclerosis | 6/10 (60%) | 48/104 (46.2%) | 0.466 |
| Other temporal lesion | 5 (45.5%) | 46 (31.3%) | 0.270 |
| Scalp EEG | |||
| Localizing to TL | 7 (63.6%) | 81/144 (56.3%) | 0.690 |
| Lateralizing | 3 (27.3%) | 34/144 (23.6%) | 0.641 |
| Nonlateralizing | 1 (9.1%) | 29/144 (20.1%) | 0.615 |
| SPECT localizing to TL | 2/7 (28.6%) | 63/89 (70.8%) | 0.025 |
| FDG PET | |||
| Normal | 0/0 (?) | 2/15 (13.3%) | N/A |
| Temporal focus | 0/0 (?) | 13/15 (86.7%) | N/A |
| Intracranial electrode implantation | 6 (54.5%) | 70 (47.6%) | 0.692 |
| Surgery | |||
| SAH | 2 (18.2%) | 25 (17%) | 0.839 |
| ATL | 7 (63.6%) | 111 (75.5%) | 0.417 |
| ATL and lesionectomy | 0 (0%) | 6 (4.1%) | 1.000 |
| Lesionectomy | 2 (18.2%) | 5 (3.4%) | 0.039 |
| ECOG | 0 (0%) | 4 (2.7%) | 0.610 |
| Pathology | |||
| Sclerosis | 7 (63.6%) | 62 (42.2%) | 0.179 |
| Cavernoma | 1 (9.1%) | 3 (2%) | 0.162 |
| Glioma | 1 (9.1%) | 4 (2.7%) | 0.199 |
| Ganglioglioma | 0 (0%) | 6 (4.1%) | 1.000 |
| Focal cortical dysplasia | 0 (0%) | 4 (2.7%) | 0.610 |
| DNET | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.4%) | 1.000 |
| Gliosis | 0 (0%) | 3 (2%) | 0.572 |
| Normal | 0 (0%) | 24 (16.3%) | 0.172 |