Table 3.
Average cost of illness for respondents with and without self-reported ADEs
| COI with ADE | COI without ADE | |
|---|---|---|
| N=1377 average±SD | N=5722 average±SD | |
| Dispensed prescription medicines (Int$)* | 48.6±119.0 | 24.7±103.3 |
| Healthcare use (Int$)* | 164.9±935.3 | 40.1±360.7 |
| Social services (Int$) | 122.1±778.8 | 83.6±673.5 |
| Transportation (Int$)* | 14.3±84.8 | 6.9±67.2 |
| Total direct cost (Int$)* | 349.8±1328.7 | 155.2±805.3 |
| Productivity loss, sick leave (Int$)* | 124.4±496.2 | 41.1±272.8 |
| Informal care† (Int$)* | 47.1±187.0 | 12.1±89.3 |
| Total indirect cost (Int$)* | 171.4±537.1 | 53.3±290.9 |
| Cost of illness (Int$)* | 521.2±1485.7 | 208.5±876.3 |
| Other resource use: | ||
| Over-the-counter drugs, number | 1.6±1.5 | 1.0±1.9 |
| Natural remedies, number | 0.5±1.0 | 0.3±1.2 |
| Lost leisure time, days | 3.7±7.8 | 1.0±4.2 |
| Prevalent disability pension, n (%) | 135 (9.8) | 242 (4.2) |
| EQ-5D index value | 0.71±0.22 | 0.84±0.18 |
| Self-rated health by EQ-VAS | 69.8±20.7 | 81.2±16.9 |
Resource use quantities, percentages and costs are rounded.
*Statistically significant cost difference between respondents with/without ADEs (p<0.05).
†Of the 546 respondents reporting informal care, 56 respondents were excluded from the analyses since the amount of care (days and hours) was not reported.
ADE, adverse drug events; EQ-5D, The EuroQol Group's five dimension health state questionnaire with five levels of severity; EQ-VAS, The EuroQol Group's visual analogue scale; Int$, international dollars; N, population size.