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. 2013 Apr 25;3(6):1590–1602. doi: 10.1002/ece3.562

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© 2013 Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

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Morphological differentiation between whitefish specializing on littoral and profundal resources. (A) Body shape variation is described by the discriminant function (DF1) from the discrimination analysis of shape versus foraging specialization, and the shapes at the position of the arrows are illustrated using thin-plate spline transformations relative to overall mean shape. The landmark vectors show the relative magnitude of change in the location of each landmark, with the points representing the overall mean shape, and lines pointing in the direction of littoral and profundal morphology, respectively. Solid lines between ends of vectors are drawn to aid interpretation. (B) Variation in linear morphological traits is described by the discriminant function (DF1) from the discrimination analysis of all ten linear traits versus foraging specialization. Importance of individual traits on DF1 is presented in Table 4.