Table 1.
Demographic, Medical, and Nutritional Characteristics of Participants (n=63)
| Measure | Percent (n) or Mean (SD)* | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Demographic Characteristics | ||
| Percent Female | 62 (39) | |
| Percent White | 98 (62) | |
| Age | 86.86 (11.26) | |
| Length of Stay in Years | 3.42 (2.29) | |
| Medical Characteristics | ||
| MMSE Total Score (0–30) † | 14.12 (8.88) | |
| Percent diagnosis of Dementia | 54 (34) | |
| Percent diagnosis of Depression | 68 (43) | |
| Nutritional Characteristics | ||
| Proportion MDS Eating Dependency > 1 | 43 (27) | |
| Percent Special Diet Order‡ | 84 (53) | |
| Percent Body Mass Index (BMI) < 20§ | 24 (15) | |
| Estimated REE needs (daily calories)|| | 1125.67 (221.86) | |
| Proportion with intake below REE needs | 56 (35) | |
*
SD = Standard Deviation;
†
MMSE = Mini Mental State Exam
‡
Special diets included any restrictions (no added salt, no concentrated sugars) or altered texture (ground, mechanical soft, puree, thickened liquids).
§
Body Mass Index (BMI) formula = 0.454 weight in pounds / (0.254 height in inches)2 A BMI below 20 is considered indicative of under-nutrition.
||
Harris-Benedict Formulas for Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) Needs Estimation Male = 66.5 + 13.75weight in kilograms + 5.0height in centimeters − 6.78age. Female = 655.1 + 9.56weight in kilograms + 1.85height in centimeters − 4.68age.